Abstract
With global climate change, flooding events are becoming more frequent. However, the mechanism of how waterlogging stress affects crop roots needs to be studied in depth. Waterlogging stress can also lead to soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss, resulting in agricultural surface pollution. The aim of this study is to clarify the relationship between soil nitrogen and phosphorus distribution, root growth characteristics, and nitrogen and phosphorus loss in runoff water under waterlogging stress during the winter wheat seedling stage. In this paper, Zhengmai 136 was selected as the experimental material, and two water management methods (waterlogging treatment and non-waterlogging control treatment) were set up. Field experiments were conducted at the Wudaogou Hydrological Experimental Station in 2022 to assess the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in runoff water under waterlogging stress. The study also aimed to analyze the nitrogen and phosphorus content and the root distribution characteristics in different soil layers under waterlogging stress. The results showed as the following: 1. Waterlogging stress increased the characteristic parameters of winter wheat roots in both horizontal and vertical directions. Compared with the control treatment, the root length increased by 1.2–29.9% in the waterlogging treatment, while the root surface area and volume increased by an average of 3.1% and 41.9%, respectively. 2. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents in waterlogged soils were enriched in the 0–20 cm soil layer, but both tended to decrease in the 20–60 cm soil layer. Additionally, there was an inverse relationship between the distribution of soil nutrients and the distribution of wheat roots. 3. During the seedling stage of winter wheat, nitrogen loss was the main factor in the runoff water. In addition, nitrate nitrogen concentration averaged 55.2% of the total nitrogen concentration, while soluble phosphorus concentration averaged 79.1% of the total phosphorus concentration. 4. The results of redundancy analysis demonstrated that available phosphorus in the soil was the key environmental factor affecting the water quality of runoff water. Total phosphorus and dissolved phosphorus in the water were identified as the dominant factors influencing root growth.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging increased winter wheat root length by 1.2–29.9%.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- waterlogging treatmente0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.2–29.9%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control treatment, the root length increased by 1.2–29.9% in the waterlogging treatment”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging increased root surface area by an average of 3.1%.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- waterlogging treatmente1
- Outcome
- root surface areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“the root surface area and volume increased by an average of 3.1% and 41.9%, respectively”
e1“in the waterlogging treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging increased root volume by an average of 41.9%.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- waterlogging treatmente1
- Outcome
- volumee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 41.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“the root surface area and volume increased by an average of 3.1% and 41.9%, respectively”
e1“in the waterlogging treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and phosphorus accumulated at 0–20 cm in waterlogged soils.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen and phosphorus contents in waterlogged soilse0
- Direction
- enrichede0
- Qualifier
- 0–20 cm soil layere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Nitrogen and phosphorus contents in waterlogged soils were enriched in the 0–20 cm soil layer”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and phosphorus tended to decline at 20–60 cm in waterlogged soils.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen and phosphorus contents in waterlogged soilse1
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- 20–60 cm soil layere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“both tended to decrease in the 20–60 cm soil layer”
e1“Nitrogen and phosphorus contents in waterlogged soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nutrient and wheat root distributions had an inverse relationship.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- distribution of wheat rootse0
- Setting
- soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was an inverse relationship between the distribution of soil nutrients and the distribution of wheat roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen loss was the main runoff factor during winter wheat seedling stage.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- seedling stagee0
- Outcome
- nitrogen losse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the seedling stage of winter wheat, nitrogen loss was the main factor in the runoff water”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate nitrogen averaged 55.2% of total nitrogen in runoff.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- nitrate nitrogen concentratione0
- Value
- 55.2%e0
- Comparator
- total nitrogen concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“nitrate nitrogen concentration averaged 55.2% of the total nitrogen concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble phosphorus averaged 79.1% of total phosphorus in runoff.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- soluble phosphorus concentratione0
- Value
- 79.1%e0
- Comparator
- total phosphorus concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“soluble phosphorus concentration averaged 79.1% of the total phosphorus concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil available phosphorus was the key factor for runoff water quality.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- water quality of runoff watere0
- Setting
- soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“available phosphorus in the soil was the key environmental factor affecting the water quality of runoff water”
Claim · model-written summary
Total and dissolved phosphorus in water were dominant factors influencing root growth.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Setting
- watere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Total phosphorus and dissolved phosphorus in the water were identified as the dominant factors influencing root growth”
The same questions in other papers
flooding · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 64 in the opposite direction
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