Abstract
The growth reduction of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) during and after waterlogging stress depends on the depth of water from the soil surface. In a pot experiment with 3-week-old plants, soil was waterlogged for 14 d at the surface, or at 100 or 200 mm below the surface, and pots were then drained to assess recovery. A fully drained treatment kept at field capacity served as control. During waterlogging, the relative growth rate of roots decreased more than that of shoots (by 6–27% for shoots, by 15–74% for roots), and plant growth was reduced proportionally as the water level was increased. Light-saturated net photosynthesis was reduced by 70–80% for the two most severe waterlogging treatments, but was little affected for plants in soil waterlogged at 200 mm below the surface. The number of adventitious roots formed per stem in plants grown in waterlogged soil increased up to 1.5 times, but the number of tillers per plant was reduced by 24–62%. The adventitious roots only penetrated 85–116 mm below the water level in all waterlogging treatments. Adventitious root porosity was enhanced up to 10-fold for plants grown in waterlogged soil, depending on water level and position along the roots. Porosity also increased in basal zones of roots above the water level when the younger tissues had penetrated the waterlogged zone. Fourteen days after draining the pots, growth rates of plants where the soil had been waterlogged at 200 mm below the surface had recovered, while those of plants in the more severely waterlogged treatments had only partially recovered. These findings show that the depth of waterlogging has a large impact on the response of wheat both during and after a waterlogging event so that assessment of recovery is essential in evaluating waterlogging tolerance in crops.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot relative growth rate fell by 6–27% under waterlogging.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- shootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 6–27%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative growth rate of roots decreased more than that of shoots (by 6–27% for shoots, by 15–74% for roots)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Root relative growth rate fell by 15–74% under waterlogging.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- relative growth rate of rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 15–74%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative growth rate of roots decreased more than that of shoots (by 6–27% for shoots, by 15–74% for roots)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth declined as water level rose.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- water levele0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant growth was reduced proportionally as the water level was increased”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis fell 70–80% in the two severest treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- two most severe waterlogging treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Light-saturated net photosynthesise0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 70–80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Light-saturated net photosynthesis was reduced by 70–80% for the two most severe waterlogging treatments”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis was little affected at 200 mm below the surface.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil waterlogged at 200 mm below the surfacee0
- Outcome
- Light-saturated net photosynthesise0
- Direction
- little affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Light-saturated net photosynthesis was reduced by 70–80% for the two most severe waterlogging treatments, but was little affected for plants in soil waterlogged at 200 mm below the surface”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Adventitious root number rose up to 1.5 times.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- waterlogged soile0
- Outcome
- number of adventitious roots formed per steme0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.5 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of adventitious roots formed per stem in plants grown in waterlogged soil increased up to 1.5 times”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Tiller number fell by 24–62%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- number of tillers per plante0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 24–62%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of tillers per plant was reduced by 24–62%”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Adventitious roots penetrated only 85–116 mm below water.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- adventitious roots only penetratede0
- Value
- 85–116 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adventitious roots only penetrated 85–116 mm below the water level in all waterlogging treatments”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging increased root porosity up to tenfold.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- waterlogged soile0
- Outcome
- Adventitious root porositye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 10-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Adventitious root porosity was enhanced up to 10-fold for plants grown in waterlogged soil”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Porosity also rose in basal roots above water when younger tissue entered waterlogging.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- basal zones of rootse0
- Outcome
- Porositye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Porosity also increased in basal zones of roots above the water level when the younger tissues had penetrated the waterlogged zone”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth rates recovered after drainage at the 200 mm depth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- growth ratese0
- Direction
- recoverede0
- Qualifier
- Fourteen days after draining the potse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fourteen days after draining the pots, growth rates of plants where the soil had been waterlogged at 200 mm below the surface had recovered”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth recovered only partially after more severe waterlogging.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- growth ratese0
- Direction
- partially recoverede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fourteen days after draining the pots, growth rates of plants where the soil had been waterlogged at 200 mm below the surface had recovered, while those of plants in the more severely waterlogged treatments had only partially recovered”
t0“wheat”
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See all 81 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.