Abstract
Cereals are a staple food in many regions of the world and are essential for global food security. Lead is one of the most significant environmental stressors, impacting plants throughout their life cycle and causing substantial damage to plant growth and development. It disrupts intracellular processes, thereby reducing plant productivity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exogenously applied vitamin PP (100 µM) (nicotinamide) on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters of spring barley var. Eunova under lead stress (1 mM Pb(NO3)2) and to determine the most effective method of applying this vitamin in a pot experiment. Vitamin PP was applied exogenously through three different methods: seed soaking, foliar application, and soil irrigation. The application of 1 mM Pb(NO3)2 resulted in decreased root (from 13.9% to 19.9%) and shoot length (from 16.2% to 24.8%) and increased catalase (CAT) activity from 45% to 106%, and peroxidase (POX) activity from 39% to 46% compared to the control. Lead stress led to an increase in proline (Pro) content from 30 to 63% and comparatively in malondialdehyde (MDA) content (rising from 61% to 79.4%), as well as elevated assimilatory pigment content (by 35%) in barley grown in the pot experiment. Exogenous vitamin PP significantly and positively influenced the improvement of the measured morphological, biochemical, and physiological parameters, reducing the toxicity of lead salts. It was shown that the most effective method of vitamin PP application was achieved through foliar spraying and irrigation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress decreased root length of spring barley.
- Taxon
- spring barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- 1 mM Pb(NO3)2e1
- Outcome
- roote1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- from 13.9% to 19.9%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e1“The application of 1 mM Pb(NO3)2 resulted in decreased root (from 13.9% to 19.9%) and shoot length (from 16.2% to 24.8%) and increased catalase (CAT) activity from 45% to 106%, and peroxidase (POX) activity from 39% to 46% compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress decreased shoot length of spring barley.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 1 mM Pb(NO3)2e1
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- from 16.2% to 24.8%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e1“The application of 1 mM Pb(NO3)2 resulted in decreased root (from 13.9% to 19.9%) and shoot length (from 16.2% to 24.8%) and increased catalase (CAT) activity from 45% to 106%, and peroxidase (POX) activity from 39% to 46% compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress increased catalase (CAT) activity in spring barley.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 1 mM Pb(NO3)2e1
- Gene
- catalase (CAT)e1
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT) activitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- from 45% to 106%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e1“The application of 1 mM Pb(NO3)2 resulted in decreased root (from 13.9% to 19.9%) and shoot length (from 16.2% to 24.8%) and increased catalase (CAT) activity from 45% to 106%, and peroxidase (POX) activity from 39% to 46% compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress increased peroxidase (POX) activity in spring barley.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 1 mM Pb(NO3)2e1
- Gene
- peroxidase (POX)e1
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POX) activitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- from 39% to 46%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e1“The application of 1 mM Pb(NO3)2 resulted in decreased root (from 13.9% to 19.9%) and shoot length (from 16.2% to 24.8%) and increased catalase (CAT) activity from 45% to 106%, and peroxidase (POX) activity from 39% to 46% compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress increased proline content in spring barley.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Lead stresse2
- Outcome
- proline (Pro) contente2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- from 30 to 63%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e2“Lead stress led to an increase in proline (Pro) content from 30 to 63% and comparatively in malondialdehyde (MDA) content (rising from 61% to 79.4%), as well as elevated assimilatory pigment content (by 35%) in barley grown in the pot experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in spring barley.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Lead stresse2
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) contente2
- Direction
- risinge2
- Value
- from 61% to 79.4%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e2“Lead stress led to an increase in proline (Pro) content from 30 to 63% and comparatively in malondialdehyde (MDA) content (rising from 61% to 79.4%), as well as elevated assimilatory pigment content (by 35%) in barley grown in the pot experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress elevated assimilatory pigment content in spring barley.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Lead stresse2
- Outcome
- assimilatory pigment contente2
- Direction
- elevatede2
- Value
- 35%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e2“Lead stress led to an increase in proline (Pro) content from 30 to 63% and comparatively in malondialdehyde (MDA) content (rising from 61% to 79.4%), as well as elevated assimilatory pigment content (by 35%) in barley grown in the pot experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous vitamin PP significantly and positively influenced morphological, biochemical and physiological parameters of lead-stressed spring barley.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Exogenous vitamin PPe3
- Outcome
- measured morphological, biochemical, and physiological parameterse3
- Direction
- positively influencede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e3“Exogenous vitamin PP significantly and positively influenced the improvement of the measured morphological, biochemical, and physiological parameters, reducing the toxicity of lead salts”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous vitamin PP reduced the toxicity of lead salts in spring barley.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Exogenous vitamin PPe3
- Outcome
- toxicity of lead saltse3
- Direction
- reducinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e3“Exogenous vitamin PP significantly and positively influenced the improvement of the measured morphological, biochemical, and physiological parameters, reducing the toxicity of lead salts”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spraying and irrigation were the most effective methods of applying vitamin PP to lead-stressed spring barley.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying and irrigatione4
- Outcome
- most effective method of vitamin PP applicatione4
- Direction
- most effectivee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e4“It was shown that the most effective method of vitamin PP application was achieved through foliar spraying and irrigation”
The same questions in other papers
lead atom · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →irrigation · quality: phytochemicals · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
application · quality: phytochemicals · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.