Abstract
Sulfur fertilization plays a crucial role in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, influencing both protein concentration and grain yield. Wheat, being one of the most important food crops globally, requires efficient management of essential nutrients, including sulfur and nitrogen, to achieve optimal production. This study aimed to quantify the effect of sulfur fertilization on wheat protein concentration and grain yield and the relationship with nitrogen through two complementary methods: a comprehensive meta-analysis and a controlled greenhouse experiment. The meta-analysis, encompassing 55 studies from 20 countries with 545 comparisons, quantified the overall response of wheat to sulfur fertilization in diverse field environments, examining the effects based on soil texture and organic matter content. The greenhouse study investigated the effects of varying sulfur application rates and sources on protein concentration and grain yield and analyzed the relationship between sulfur and nitrogen concentrations in the grain. The meta-analysis showed overall positive effects of sulfur application on both protein concentration (2.1%) and grain yield (4.2%), with the magnitude of these effects varying based on soil texture and organic matter content. Sandy soils and soils with low organic matter content exhibited the most pronounced responses to sulfur fertilization. The greenhouse experiment revealed responses of both protein concentration and grain yield to increasing sulfur application rates, indicating an optimal rate beyond which additional sulfur may not provide further benefits. A strong positive correlation between sulfur and nitrogen concentrations in the grain highlighted their interdependence in wheat nutrition. These findings emphasize the importance of considering soil properties and the sulfur–nitrogen interaction when developing site-specific sulfur fertilization strategies for wheat. The results provide valuable insights for optimizing grain yield and protein concentration, contributing to more sustainable and efficient wheat production systems.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur application increased wheat protein concentration by 2.1%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- sulfur applicatione0
- Outcome
- protein concentratione0
- Direction
- positive effectse0
- Value
- 2.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The meta-analysis showed overall positive effects of sulfur application on both protein concentration (2.1%) and grain yield (4.2%), with the magnitude of these effects varying based on soil texture and organic matter content.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur application increased wheat grain yield by 4.2%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sulfur applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- positive effectse0
- Value
- 4.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The meta-analysis showed overall positive effects of sulfur application on both protein concentration (2.1%) and grain yield (4.2%), with the magnitude of these effects varying based on soil texture and organic matter content.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur responses varied with soil texture and organic matter content.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- magnitude of these effectse0
- Direction
- varyinge0
- Setting
- soil texture and organic matter contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The meta-analysis showed overall positive effects of sulfur application on both protein concentration (2.1%) and grain yield (4.2%), with the magnitude of these effects varying based on soil texture and organic matter content.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sandy soils and low-organic-matter soils had the strongest sulfur responses.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- responses to sulfur fertilizatione0
- Direction
- most pronouncede0
- Setting
- Sandy soils and soils with low organic matter contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sandy soils and soils with low organic matter content exhibited the most pronounced responses to sulfur fertilization.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat protein concentration responded to increasing sulfur rates, with an optimum beyond which benefits may cease.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing sulfur application ratese0
- Outcome
- protein concentratione0
- Qualifier
- beyond which additional sulfur may not provide further benefitse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greenhouse experiment revealed responses of both protein concentration and grain yield to increasing sulfur application rates, indicating an optimal rate beyond which additional sulfur may not provide further benefits.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain yield responded to increasing sulfur rates, with an optimum beyond which benefits may cease.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing sulfur application ratese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- beyond which additional sulfur may not provide further benefitse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greenhouse experiment revealed responses of both protein concentration and grain yield to increasing sulfur application rates, indicating an optimal rate beyond which additional sulfur may not provide further benefits.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur and nitrogen concentrations in wheat grain were strongly positively correlated.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Outcome
- sulfur and nitrogen concentrations in the graine0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A strong positive correlation between sulfur and nitrogen concentrations in the grain highlighted their interdependence in wheat nutrition.”
t0“Wheat”
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See all 148 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.