Abstract
Arsenic (As)-contaminated soil reduces soil quality and leads to soil degradation, and traditional remediation strategies are expensive or typically produce hazardous by-products that have negative impacts on ecosystems. Therefore, this investigation attempts to assess the impact of As-tolerant bacterial isolates via a bacterial Rhizobim nepotum strain (B1), a bacterial Glutamicibacter halophytocola strain (B2), and MgO-NPs (N) and their combinations on the arsenic content, biological activity, and growth characteristics of maize plants cultivated in highly As-contaminated soil (300 mg As Kg−1). The results indicated that the spectroscopic characterization of MgO-NPs contained functional groups (e.g., Mg-O, OH, and Si-O-Si) and possessed a large surface area. Under As stress, its addition boosted the growth of plants, biomass, and chlorophyll levels while decreasing As uptake. Co-inoculation of R. nepotum and G. halophytocola had the highest significant values for chlorophyll content, soil organic matter (SOM), microbial biomass (MBC), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), and total number of bacteria compared to other treatments, which played an essential role in increasing maize growth. The addition of R. nepotum and G. halophytocola alone or in combination with MgO-NPs significantly decreased As uptake and increased the biological activity and growth characteristics of maize plants cultivated in highly arsenic-contaminated soil. Considering the results of this investigation, the combination of G. halophytocola with MgO-NPs can be used as a nanobioremediation strategy for remediating severely arsenic-contaminated soil and also improving the biological activity and growth parameters of maize plants.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
MgO nanoparticles increased maize growth and biomass under arsenic stress.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under As stress, its addition boosted the growth of plants, biomass, and chlorophyll levels while decreasing As uptake”
e1“MgO-NPs (N)”
e2“maize plants cultivated in highly As-contaminated soil”
Claim · model-written summary
MgO nanoparticles boosted maize chlorophyll under arsenic stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under As stress, its addition boosted the growth of plants, biomass, and chlorophyll levels while decreasing As uptake”
e1“MgO-NPs (N)”
e2“maize plants cultivated in highly As-contaminated soil”
Claim · model-written summary
MgO nanoparticles decreased arsenic uptake under arsenic stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under As stress, its addition boosted the growth of plants, biomass, and chlorophyll levels while decreasing As uptake”
e1“MgO-NPs (N)”
e2“maize plants cultivated in highly As-contaminated soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation gave the highest chlorophyll content compared with other treatments.
- Treatment
- Co-inoculation of R. nepotum and G. halophytocolae0
- Interactor
- R. nepotume0symbiont
- Second interactor
- G. halophytocolaGlutamicibacter halophytocolae0symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculation of R. nepotum and G. halophytocola had the highest significant values for chlorophyll content, soil organic matter (SOM), microbial biomass (MBC), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), and total number of bacteria compared to other treatments”
e1“maize plants cultivated in highly As-contaminated soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation gave the highest soil organic matter, microbial biomass, and dehydrogenase activity.
- Treatment
- Co-inoculation of R. nepotum and G. halophytocolae0
- Outcome
- soil organic matter (SOM), microbial biomass (MBC), dehydrogenase activity (DHA)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculation of R. nepotum and G. halophytocola had the highest significant values for chlorophyll content, soil organic matter (SOM), microbial biomass (MBC), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), and total number of bacteria compared to other treatments”
e1“maize plants cultivated in highly As-contaminated soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation gave the highest total bacterial count.
- Treatment
- Co-inoculation of R. nepotum and G. halophytocolae0
- Outcome
- total number of bacteriae0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculation of R. nepotum and G. halophytocola had the highest significant values for chlorophyll content, soil organic matter (SOM), microbial biomass (MBC), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), and total number of bacteria compared to other treatments”
e1“maize plants cultivated in highly As-contaminated soil”
Claim · model-written summary
R. nepotum addition significantly decreased maize arsenic uptake and increased plant growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of R. nepotum and G. halophytocola alone or in combination with MgO-NPs significantly decreased As uptake and increased the biological activity and growth characteristics of maize plants cultivated in highly arsenic-contaminated soil”
Claim · model-written summary
G. halophytocola addition significantly decreased maize arsenic uptake.
- Treatment
- G. halophytocolae0
- Interactor
- G. halophytocolaGlutamicibacter halophytocolae0symbiont
- Outcome
- As uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of R. nepotum and G. halophytocola alone or in combination with MgO-NPs significantly decreased As uptake and increased the biological activity and growth characteristics of maize plants cultivated in highly arsenic-contaminated soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial addition increased biological activity and growth of maize.
- Treatment
- R. nepotum and G. halophytocola alone or in combination with MgO-NPse0
- Outcome
- biological activity and growth characteristics of maize plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of R. nepotum and G. halophytocola alone or in combination with MgO-NPs significantly decreased As uptake and increased the biological activity and growth characteristics of maize plants cultivated in highly arsenic-contaminated soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend G. halophytocola with MgO nanoparticles for soil remediation and maize improvement.
- Treatment
- combination of G. halophytocola with MgO-NPse0
- Outcome
- improving the biological activity and growth parameters of maize plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of G. halophytocola with MgO-NPs can be used as a nanobioremediation strategy for remediating severely arsenic-contaminated soil and also improving the biological activity and growth parameters of maize plants”
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