Abstract
BACKGROUND: The escalating impacts of global warming intensify the detrimental effects of heat stress on crop growth and yield. Among the earliest and most vulnerable sites of damage is Photosystem II (PSII). Plants exposed to recurring high temperatures develop heat stress memory, a phenomenon that enables them to retain information from previous stress events to better cope with subsequent one. Understanding the components and regulatory networks associated with heat stress memory is crucial for the development of heat-resistant crops. RESULTS: Physiological assays revealed that heat priming (HP) enabled tall fescue to possess higher Photosystem II photochemical activity when subjected to trigger stress. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of heat stress memory, we performed comparative proteomic analyses on tall fescue leaves at S0 (control), R4 (primed), and S5 (triggering), using an integrated approach of Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) labeling and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. A total of 3,851 proteins were detected, with quantitative information available for 3,835 proteins. Among these, we identified 1,423 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs), including 526 proteins that were classified as Heat Stress Memory Proteins (HSMPs). GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the HSMPs were primarily associated with the "autophagy" in R4 and with "PSII repair", "HSP binding", and "peptidase activity" in S5. Notably, we identified 7 chloroplast-localized HSMPs (HSP21, DJC77, EGY3, LHCA4, LQY1, PSBR and DEGP8, R4/S0 > 1.2, S5/S0 > 1.2), which were considered to be effectors linked to PSII heat stress memory, predominantly in cluster 4. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis indicated that the ubiquitin-proteasome system, with key nodes at UPL3, RAD23b, and UCH3, might play a role in the selective retention of memory effectors in the R4 stage. Furthermore, we conducted RT-qPCR validation on 12 genes, and the results showed that in comparison to the S5 stage, the R4 stage exhibited reduced consistency between transcript and protein levels, providing additional evidence for post-transcriptional regulation in R4. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide valuable insights into the establishment of heat stress memory under recurring high-temperature episodes and offer a conceptual framework for breeding thermotolerant crops with improved PSII functionality.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Heat priming gave tall fescue higher Photosystem II photochemical activity under trigger stress.
- Taxon
- tall fescue
Lolium arundinaceume1 - Treatment
- heat priming (HP)e1
- Outcome
- Photosystem II photochemical activitye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- when subjected to trigger stresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Physiological assays revealed that heat priming (HP) enabled tall fescue to possess higher Photosystem II photochemical activity when subjected to trigger stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteomics identified 1,423 differentially abundant proteins in tall fescue leaves.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Outcome
- differentially abundant proteinse3
- Value
- 1,423e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Physiological assays revealed that heat priming (HP) enabled tall fescue to possess higher Photosystem II photochemical activity when subjected to trigger stress”
e3“Among these, we identified 1,423 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs), including 526 proteins that were classified as Heat Stress Memory Proteins (HSMPs)”
Claim · model-written summary
Of the proteins, 526 were classified as Heat Stress Memory Proteins.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Outcome
- Heat Stress Memory Proteins (HSMPs)e3
- Value
- 526e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Physiological assays revealed that heat priming (HP) enabled tall fescue to possess higher Photosystem II photochemical activity when subjected to trigger stress”
e3“Among these, we identified 1,423 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs), including 526 proteins that were classified as Heat Stress Memory Proteins (HSMPs)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven chloroplast-localized HSMPs were identified as effectors linked to PSII heat stress memory, predominantly in cluster 4.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Organ / stage
- chloroplaste4
- Gene
- HSP21, DJC77, EGY3, LHCA4, LQY1, PSBR and DEGP8e4
- Outcome
- chloroplast-localized HSMPse4
- Value
- 7e4
- Qualifier
- predominantly in cluster 4e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Physiological assays revealed that heat priming (HP) enabled tall fescue to possess higher Photosystem II photochemical activity when subjected to trigger stress”
e4“we identified 7 chloroplast-localized HSMPs (HSP21, DJC77, EGY3, LHCA4, LQY1, PSBR and DEGP8, R4/S0 > 1.2, S5/S0 > 1.2), which were considered to be effectors linked to PSII heat stress memory, predominantly in cluster 4”
Claim · model-written summary
The ubiquitin-proteasome system, with nodes UPL3, RAD23b and UCH3, might retain memory effectors in the R4 stage.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Organ / stage
- R4 stagee5
- Gene
- UPL3, RAD23b, and UCH3e5
- Outcome
- selective retention of memory effectorse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Physiological assays revealed that heat priming (HP) enabled tall fescue to possess higher Photosystem II photochemical activity when subjected to trigger stress”
e5“Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis indicated that the ubiquitin-proteasome system, with key nodes at UPL3, RAD23b, and UCH3, might play a role in the selective retention of memory effectors in the R4 stage”
Claim · model-written summary
The R4 stage showed reduced consistency between transcript and protein levels compared with the S5 stage.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Organ / stage
- R4 stagee6
- Outcome
- consistency between transcript and protein levelse6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Comparator
- S5 stagee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Physiological assays revealed that heat priming (HP) enabled tall fescue to possess higher Photosystem II photochemical activity when subjected to trigger stress”
e6“in comparison to the S5 stage, the R4 stage exhibited reduced consistency between transcript and protein levels”
Claim · model-written summary
HSMPs were associated with autophagy in the R4 stage.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Organ / stage
- R4e7
- Outcome
- autophagye7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Physiological assays revealed that heat priming (HP) enabled tall fescue to possess higher Photosystem II photochemical activity when subjected to trigger stress”
e7“the HSMPs were primarily associated with the "autophagy" in R4”
Claim · model-written summary
HSMPs were associated with PSII repair in the S5 stage.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Organ / stage
- S5e0
- Outcome
- PSII repaire0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Physiological assays revealed that heat priming (HP) enabled tall fescue to possess higher Photosystem II photochemical activity when subjected to trigger stress”
e0“and with "PSII repair", "HSP binding", and "peptidase activity" in S5”
Claim · model-written summary
HSMPs were associated with HSP binding in the S5 stage.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Organ / stage
- S5e0
- Outcome
- HSP bindinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Physiological assays revealed that heat priming (HP) enabled tall fescue to possess higher Photosystem II photochemical activity when subjected to trigger stress”
e0“and with "PSII repair", "HSP binding", and "peptidase activity" in S5”
Claim · model-written summary
HSMPs were associated with peptidase activity in the S5 stage.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Organ / stage
- S5e0
- Outcome
- peptidase activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Physiological assays revealed that heat priming (HP) enabled tall fescue to possess higher Photosystem II photochemical activity when subjected to trigger stress”
e0“and with "PSII repair", "HSP binding", and "peptidase activity" in S5”
The same questions in other papers
heat · physiology: photosynthesis · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
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