Abstract
Low soil phosphorus (P) availability is a limiting factor for crop production. Application of livestock manure as organic fertilizer can increase soil P availability, but may cause soil contamination with antibiotics such as sulfadiazine (SD), thus adversely affecting plant growth and nutrient uptake. The effects of P (0 and 50 mg kg−1) and SD (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg kg−1) levels on plant growth, root development, and nitrogen (N) and P uptake of maize and soybean were examined in a pot experiment using a loess soil as the test soil. High levels of SD considerably inhibited plant growth of both crops. Both P fertilization and SD negatively affected root development of both crops, especially at higher SD levels. For both crops, the average root diameter and the proportion of thick roots increased with increasing soil SD level. When soil SD level was ≤10 mg kg−1, the effects of P fertilization and SD on plant N and P concentrations, and N:P, N- and P-utilization efficiency were not significant in most cases. The effects of SD on plant N and P nutrition could not be of a great concern when soil SD level was ≤10 mg kg−1. Overall, soil SD pollution could reduce plant biomass and inhibit root development of soybean and maize, with a stronger effect on root development than on plant biomass at a high soil SD level (≥10 mg kg−1). In agricultural production, attention should be paid to soil SD pollution via manure application.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
High sulfadiazine levels inhibited growth of soybean and maize.
- Taxon
- maize and soybean
Glycine max
Zea mayse1 - Treatment
- High levels of SDe0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High levels of SD considerably inhibited plant growth of both crops”
e1“maize and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate fertilization negatively affected root development of both crops.
- Taxon
- maize and soybeanGlycine maxZea mayse1
- Treatment
- P fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- root developmente0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both P fertilization and SD negatively affected root development of both crops”
e1“maize and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfadiazine negatively affected root development of both crops, especially at higher levels.
- Taxon
- maize and soybeanGlycine maxZea mayse1
- Treatment
- SDe0
- Outcome
- root developmente0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
- Qualifier
- especially at higher SD levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both P fertilization and SD negatively affected root development of both crops, especially at higher SD levels”
e1“maize and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Average root diameter increased with increasing soil SD in both crops.
- Taxon
- maize and soybeanGlycine maxZea mayse1
- Treatment
- soil SD levele0
- Outcome
- average root diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For both crops, the average root diameter and the proportion of thick roots increased with increasing soil SD level”
e1“maize and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The proportion of thick roots increased with increasing soil SD in both crops.
- Taxon
- maize and soybeanGlycine maxZea mayse1
- Treatment
- soil SD levele0
- Outcome
- proportion of thick rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For both crops, the average root diameter and the proportion of thick roots increased with increasing soil SD level”
e1“maize and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
At soil SD levels no greater than 10 mg kg−1, P fertilization and SD effects on N and P concentrations were mostly not significant.
- Taxon
- maize and soybeanGlycine maxZea mayse1
- Treatment
- P fertilization and SDe0
- Outcome
- plant N and P concentrationse0
- Qualifier
- in most casese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When soil SD level was ≤10 mg kg−1, the effects of P fertilization and SD on plant N and P concentrations, and N:P, N- and P-utilization efficiency were not significant in most cases”
e1“maize and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
At soil SD levels no greater than 10 mg kg−1, P fertilization and SD effects on N:P and nutrient utilization efficiencies were mostly not significant.
- Taxon
- maize and soybeanGlycine maxZea mayse1
- Treatment
- P fertilization and SDe0
- Outcome
- N:P, N- and P-utilization efficiencye0
- Qualifier
- in most casese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When soil SD level was ≤10 mg kg−1, the effects of P fertilization and SD on plant N and P concentrations, and N:P, N- and P-utilization efficiency were not significant in most cases”
e1“maize and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil SD pollution reduced biomass of soybean and maize.
- Taxon
- soybean and maizeGlycine maxZea mayse1
- Treatment
- soil SD pollutione0
- Outcome
- plant biomasse0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil SD pollution could reduce plant biomass and inhibit root development of soybean and maize”
e1“soybean and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
At high soil SD levels, root development was more strongly affected than biomass.
- Taxon
- soybean and maizeGlycine maxZea mayse1
- Outcome
- root developmente0
- Direction
- stronger effecte0
- Qualifier
- at a high soil SD level (≥10 mg kg−1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with a stronger effect on root development than on plant biomass at a high soil SD level (≥10 mg kg−1)”
e1“soybean and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend attention to soil SD pollution through manure application in agricultural production.
- Taxon
- soybean and maizeGlycine maxZea mayse1
- Outcome
- attention should be paid to soil SD pollution via manure applicatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In agricultural production, attention should be paid to soil SD pollution via manure application”
e1“soybean and maize”
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