Abstract
BACKGROUND: Squamosa promoter-binding protein-like (SPL) proteins are essential to plant growth and development as plant-specific transcription factors. However, the functions of SPL proteins in wheat need to be further explored. RESULTS: We cloned and characterized TaSPL6B of wheat in this study. Analysis of physicochemical properties revealed that it contained 961 amino acids and had a molecular weight of 105 kDa. Full-length TaSPL6B transcription activity was not validated in yeast and subcellular localization analysis revealed that TaSPL6B was distributed in the nucleus. Ectopic expression of TaSPL6B in Arabidopsis led to increasing number of branches and early flowering. TaSPL6B was highly transcribed in internodes of transgenic Arabidopsis. The expression of AtSMXL6/AtSMXL7/AtSMXL8 (homologous genes of TaD53) was markedly increased, whereas the expression of AtSPL2 (homologous genes of TaSPL3) and AtBRC1 (homologous genes of TaTB1) was markedly reduced in the internodes of transgenic Arabidopsis. Besides, TaSPL6B, TaSPL3 and TaD53 interacted with one another, as demonstrated by yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. Therefore, we speculated that TaSPL6B brought together TaD53 and TaSPL3 and enhanced the inhibition effect of TaD53 on TaSPL3 through integrating light and strigolactone signaling pathways, followed by suppression of TaTB1, a key repressor of tillering. CONCLUSIONS: As a whole, our findings contribute to a better understanding of how SPL genes work in wheat and will be useful for further research into how TaSPL6B affects yield-related traits in wheat.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat TaSPL6B encodes a 961 amino acid protein of 105 kDa.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Gene
- TaSPL6Be0
- Outcome
- contained 961 amino acidse0
- Value
- 961 amino acidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaSPL6B of wheat in this study. Analysis of physicochemical properties revealed that it contained 961 amino acids and had a molecular weight of 105 kDa”
Claim · model-written summary
Full length TaSPL6B transcription activity was not validated in yeast.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Gene
- TaSPL6Be0
- Outcome
- transcription activity was not validatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Full-length TaSPL6B transcription activity was not validated in yeast”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
TaSPL6B localized to the nucleus.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- TaSPL6Be0
- Outcome
- distributed in the nucleuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaSPL6B was distributed in the nucleus”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic TaSPL6B expression increased branch number in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Ectopic expression of TaSPL6Be0
- Gene
- TaSPL6Be0
- Outcome
- number of branchese0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ectopic expression of TaSPL6B in Arabidopsis led to increasing number of branches”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic TaSPL6B expression caused early flowering in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Ectopic expression of TaSPL6Be0
- Gene
- TaSPL6Be0
- Outcome
- early floweringe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ectopic expression of TaSPL6B in Arabidopsis led to increasing number of branches and early flowering”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
TaSPL6B was highly transcribed in internodes of transgenic Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- internodese0
- Gene
- TaSPL6Be0
- Outcome
- highly transcribede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaSPL6B was highly transcribed in internodes of transgenic Arabidopsis”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
AtSMXL6/AtSMXL7/AtSMXL8 expression increased markedly in transgenic Arabidopsis internodes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- AtSMXL6/AtSMXL7/AtSMXL8e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- markedly increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of AtSMXL6/AtSMXL7/AtSMXL8 (homologous genes of TaD53) was markedly increased”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
AtSPL2 and AtBRC1 expression was markedly reduced in transgenic Arabidopsis internodes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- AtSPL2e0
- Outcome
- expression of AtSPL2 (homologous genes of TaSPL3) and AtBRC1e0
- Direction
- markedly reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of AtSPL2 (homologous genes of TaSPL3) and AtBRC1 (homologous genes of TaTB1) was markedly reduced”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
TaSPL6B, TaSPL3 and TaD53 interacted with one another.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- TaSPL6Be0
- Outcome
- interacted with one anothere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaSPL6B, TaSPL3 and TaD53 interacted with one another”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors speculate that TaSPL6B links TaD53 and TaSPL3 to enhance inhibition of TaSPL3 and suppress TaTB1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- TaSPL6Be0
- Outcome
- suppression of TaTB1e0
- Qualifier
- strigolactone signaling pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we speculated that TaSPL6B brought together TaD53 and TaSPL3 and enhanced the inhibition effect of TaD53 on TaSPL3 through integrating light and strigolactone signaling pathways, followed by suppression of TaTB1”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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