Abstract
SPL3, SPL4 and SPL5 (SPL3/4/5) are closely related members of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE family of transcription factors in Arabidopsis, and have a target site for the microRNA miR156 in their 3' UTR. The phenotype of Arabidopsis plants constitutively expressing miR156-sensitive and miR156-insensitive forms of SPL3/4/5 revealed that all three genes promote vegetative phase change and flowering, and are strongly repressed by miR156. Constitutive expression of miR156a prolonged the expression of juvenile vegetative traits and delayed flowering. This phenotype was largely corrected by constitutive expression of a miR156-insensitive form of SPL3. The juvenile-to-adult transition is accompanied by a decrease in the level of miR156 and an increase in the abundance of SPL3 mRNA. The complementary effect of hasty on the miR156 and SPL3 transcripts, as well as the miR156-dependent temporal expression pattern of a 35S::GUS-SPL3 transgene, suggest that the decrease in miR156 is responsible for the increase in SPL3 expression during this transition. SPL3 mRNA is elevated by mutations in ZIPPY/AGO7, RNA DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 6 (RDR6) and SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3 (SGS3), indicating that it is directly or indirectly regulated by RNAi. However, our results indicate that RNAi does not contribute to the temporal expression pattern of this gene. We conclude that vegetative phase change in Arabidopsis is regulated by an increase in the expression of SPL3 and probably also SPL4 and SPL5, and that this increase is a consequence of a decrease in the level of miR156.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
SPL3 promoted vegetative phase change and flowering.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- constitutively expressing miR156-sensitive and miR156-insensitive forms of SPL3/4/5e0
- Gene
- SPL3e0
- Outcome
- vegetative phase change and floweringe0
- Direction
- promotee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phenotype of Arabidopsis plants constitutively expressing miR156-sensitive and miR156-insensitive forms of SPL3/4/5 revealed that all three genes promote vegetative phase change and flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
SPL4 promoted vegetative phase change and flowering.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- SPL4e1
- Outcome
- vegetative phase change and floweringe0
- Direction
- promotee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phenotype of Arabidopsis plants constitutively expressing miR156-sensitive and miR156-insensitive forms of SPL3/4/5 revealed that all three genes promote vegetative phase change and flowering”
e1“vegetative phase change in Arabidopsis is regulated by an increase in the expression of SPL3 and probably also SPL4 and SPL5”
Claim · model-written summary
SPL5 promoted vegetative phase change and flowering.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- SPL5e1
- Outcome
- vegetative phase change and floweringe0
- Direction
- promotee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phenotype of Arabidopsis plants constitutively expressing miR156-sensitive and miR156-insensitive forms of SPL3/4/5 revealed that all three genes promote vegetative phase change and flowering”
e1“vegetative phase change in Arabidopsis is regulated by an increase in the expression of SPL3 and probably also SPL4 and SPL5”
Claim · model-written summary
miR156 strongly repressed SPL3/4/5.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- SPL3/4/5e0
- Outcome
- strongly repressed by miR156e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SPL3/4/5 revealed that all three genes promote vegetative phase change and flowering, and are strongly repressed by miR156”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive miR156a expression prolonged juvenile vegetative traits.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Constitutive expression of miR156ae0
- Gene
- miR156ae0
- Outcome
- expression of juvenile vegetative traitse0
- Direction
- prolongede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Constitutive expression of miR156a prolonged the expression of juvenile vegetative traits and delayed flowering”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive miR156a expression delayed flowering.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Constitutive expression of miR156ae0
- Gene
- miR156ae0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Constitutive expression of miR156a prolonged the expression of juvenile vegetative traits and delayed flowering”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
miR156-insensitive SPL3 largely corrected the miR156a overexpression phenotype.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- constitutive expression of a miR156-insensitive form of SPL3e0
- Gene
- SPL3e0
- Outcome
- phenotypee0
- Direction
- correctede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This phenotype was largely corrected by constitutive expression of a miR156-insensitive form of SPL3”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
miR156 levels declined during juvenile-to-adult transition.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- miR156e0
- Outcome
- level of miR156e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The juvenile-to-adult transition is accompanied by a decrease in the level of miR156 and an increase in the abundance of SPL3 mRNA”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
SPL3 mRNA abundance rose during juvenile-to-adult transition.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- SPL3e0
- Outcome
- abundance of SPL3 mRNAe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The juvenile-to-adult transition is accompanied by a decrease in the level of miR156 and an increase in the abundance of SPL3 mRNA”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreasing miR156 was inferred to cause rising SPL3 expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- SPL3e0
- Outcome
- increase in SPL3 expressione0
- Qualifier
- decrease in miR156e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decrease in miR156 is responsible for the increase in SPL3 expression during this transition”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
ZIPPY/AGO7 mutation elevated SPL3 mRNA.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- ZIPPY/AGO7e0
- Outcome
- SPL3 mRNAe0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SPL3 mRNA is elevated by mutations in ZIPPY/AGO7, RNA DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 6 (RDR6) and SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3 (SGS3)”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
RDR6 mutation elevated SPL3 mRNA.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- RDR6e0
- Outcome
- SPL3 mRNAe0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SPL3 mRNA is elevated by mutations in ZIPPY/AGO7, RNA DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 6 (RDR6) and SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3 (SGS3)”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
SGS3 mutation elevated SPL3 mRNA.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- SGS3e0
- Outcome
- SPL3 mRNAe0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SPL3 mRNA is elevated by mutations in ZIPPY/AGO7, RNA DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 6 (RDR6) and SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3 (SGS3)”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
RNAi did not contribute to temporal SPL3 expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- RNAie0
- Outcome
- temporal expression pattern of this genee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNAi does not contribute to the temporal expression pattern of this gene”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that increasing SPL3 expression regulates vegetative phase change.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- SPL3e0
- Outcome
- vegetative phase changee0
- Qualifier
- increase in the expression of SPL3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vegetative phase change in Arabidopsis is regulated by an increase in the expression of SPL3 and probably also SPL4 and SPL5”
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