Abstract
This study investigates the prevalence and dynamics of pomegranate wilt disease induced by Meloidogyne incognita across the Kullu, Mandi and Solan districts of Himachal Pradesh (India), revealed notable spatial and temporal variations in nematode populations and galling severity across the regions. The highest average nematode infestation of 9.25 % was observed at Nauni with highest counts of average second-stage juvenile (J2) larvae (449 larvae per 100 cc of soil) followed by Hurla (Kullu) with 7.42 % infestation. Correlation analysis reveals a strong positive relationship between larval population and galling severity suggesting a potential link between nematode levels and plant damage. Common disease symptoms were leaf size reduction, yellowing and gradual decline of pomegranate plants, often observed in patches within orchards. Microscopic identification revealed distinctive pear-shaped body of mature females while J2 larvae displayed vermiform shapes and the associated species of M. incognita was confirmed through examination of the perineal pattern. Pathogenicity test reveals initiation of leaf yellowing symptom after 45 days of inoculation of larval suspension and root galling was observed after 60 days onward followed by plant decline under greenhouse conditions. Results from pot and field experiments demonstrated the efficacy of Fluopyram and Fluensulfone in reducing nematode populations and galling severity. Treatment with drenching of Fluopyram at the rate of 2 ml/L reduced 98.56 % larvae under field and 99.00 % larvae/100 cc soil under pot conditions. Statistical analysis (paired t -test and MANOVA) confirms significant differences in galling severity and larval population before and after drenching. The study also underscores the importance of weed management in disease mitigation as several weed species ( Chenopodium album and Solanum nigrum) were identified as potential reservoirs for M. incognita in infested pomegranate plant basin. This investigation contributes to the advancement of management practices for pomegranate cultivation that addresses both nematode and weed infestations ultimately enhancing crop resilience and productivity.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode infestation was highest at Nauni, at 9.25%, in pomegranate orchards infested by Meloidogyne incognita
- Taxon
- pomegranate
Punica granatumt0 - Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pathogen - Outcome
- nematode infestatione1
- Value
- 9.25 %e1
- Setting
- Naunie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate orchards”
e0“This study investigates the prevalence and dynamics of pomegranate wilt disease induced by Meloidogyne incognita across the Kullu, Mandi and Solan districts of Himachal Pradesh (India)”
e1“The highest average nematode infestation of 9.25 % was observed at Nauni with highest counts of average second-stage juvenile (J2) larvae (449 larvae per 100 cc of soil) followed by Hurla (Kullu) with 7.42 % infestation”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest count of second-stage juvenile larvae in pomegranate orchard soil was 449 larvae per 100 cc at Nauni
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Outcome
- average second-stage juvenile (J2) larvaee1
- Value
- 449 larvae per 100 cc of soile1
- Setting
- Naunie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate orchards”
e1“The highest average nematode infestation of 9.25 % was observed at Nauni with highest counts of average second-stage juvenile (J2) larvae (449 larvae per 100 cc of soil) followed by Hurla (Kullu) with 7.42 % infestation”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode infestation at Hurla (Kullu) was 7.42% in pomegranate orchards
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Outcome
- infestatione1
- Value
- 7.42 %e1
- Setting
- Hurla (Kullu)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate orchards”
e1“The highest average nematode infestation of 9.25 % was observed at Nauni with highest counts of average second-stage juvenile (J2) larvae (449 larvae per 100 cc of soil) followed by Hurla (Kullu) with 7.42 % infestation”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval population of Meloidogyne incognita was strongly positively associated with galling severity in pomegranate
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- galling severitye2
- Direction
- positivee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate orchards”
e0“This study investigates the prevalence and dynamics of pomegranate wilt disease induced by Meloidogyne incognita across the Kullu, Mandi and Solan districts of Himachal Pradesh (India)”
e2“Correlation analysis reveals a strong positive relationship between larval population and galling severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Common symptoms in pomegranate were reduced leaf size, yellowing and gradual decline of plants
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Outcome
- leaf size reduction, yellowing and gradual declinee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate orchards”
e3“Common disease symptoms were leaf size reduction, yellowing and gradual decline of pomegranate plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The species associated with pomegranate galling was confirmed as Meloidogyne incognita by perineal pattern
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae4pathogen
- Outcome
- associated species of M. incognita was confirmede4
- Qualifier
- through examination of the perineal patterne4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate orchards”
e4“the associated species of M. incognita was confirmed through examination of the perineal pattern”
Claim · model-written summary
Pomegranate plants inoculated with larval suspension showed leaf yellowing after 45 days under greenhouse conditions
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation of larval suspensione5
- Outcome
- leaf yellowing symptome5
- Value
- 45 dayse5
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate orchards”
e5“Pathogenicity test reveals initiation of leaf yellowing symptom after 45 days of inoculation of larval suspension and root galling was observed after 60 days onward followed by plant decline under greenhouse conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Pomegranate plants inoculated with larval suspension showed root galling after 60 days under greenhouse conditions
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation of larval suspensione5
- Outcome
- root gallinge5
- Value
- 60 dayse5
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate orchards”
e5“Pathogenicity test reveals initiation of leaf yellowing symptom after 45 days of inoculation of larval suspension and root galling was observed after 60 days onward followed by plant decline under greenhouse conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Drenching with Fluopyram at 2 ml/L reduced larvae by 98.56% in the field in pomegranate
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- drenching of Fluopyram at the rate of 2 ml/Le6
- Outcome
- larvaee6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 98.56 %e6
- Setting
- fielde6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate orchards”
e6“Treatment with drenching of Fluopyram at the rate of 2 ml/L reduced 98.56 % larvae under field and 99.00 % larvae/100 cc soil under pot conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Drenching with Fluopyram at 2 ml/L reduced larvae by 99.00% per 100 cc soil under pot conditions in pomegranate
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- drenching of Fluopyram at the rate of 2 ml/Le6
- Outcome
- larvae/100 cc soile6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 99.00 %e6
- Setting
- pot conditionse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate orchards”
e6“Treatment with drenching of Fluopyram at the rate of 2 ml/L reduced 98.56 % larvae under field and 99.00 % larvae/100 cc soil under pot conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluopyram and Fluensulfone reduced nematode populations and galling severity in pomegranate in pot and field experiments
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- Fluopyram and Fluensulfonee7
- Outcome
- nematode populations and galling severitye7
- Direction
- reducinge7
- Setting
- pot and field experimentse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate orchards”
e7“Results from pot and field experiments demonstrated the efficacy of Fluopyram and Fluensulfone in reducing nematode populations and galling severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Drenching produced significant differences in galling severity and larval population in pomegranate before and after treatment
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- drenchinge1
- Outcome
- galling severity and larval populatione1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate orchards”
e1“Statistical analysis (paired t -test and MANOVA) confirms significant differences in galling severity and larval population before and after drenching”
Claim · model-written summary
Chenopodium album and Solanum nigrum were identified as potential reservoirs for M. incognita in infested pomegranate plant basin
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume2
- Interactor
- Chenopodium album
Chenopodium albume2weed - Second interactor
- Solanum nigrum
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=60)
Solanum nigrume2weed - Outcome
- potential reservoirs for M. incognitae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate orchards”
e2“several weed species ( Chenopodium album and Solanum nigrum) were identified as potential reservoirs for M. incognita in infested pomegranate plant basin”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed management is important for mitigating disease in pomegranate
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Outcome
- weed management in disease mitigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate orchards”
e1“The study also underscores the importance of weed management in disease mitigation”
The same questions in other papers
fluopyram · disease · Punica granatum (pomegranate)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
application · pest · Punica granatum (pomegranate)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.