Abstract
In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), overproduction of salicylic acid (SA) increases disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance but penalizes growth. This growth-defense trade-off has hindered the adoption of SA-based disease management strategies in agriculture. However, investigation of how SA inhibits plant growth has been challenging because many SA-hyperaccumulating Arabidopsis mutants have developmental defects due to the pleiotropic effects of the underlying genes. Here, we heterologously expressed a bacterial SA synthase gene in Arabidopsis and observed that elevated SA levels decreased plant growth and reduced the expression of cold-regulated (COR) genes in a dose-dependent manner. Growth suppression was exacerbated at below-ambient temperatures. Severing the SA-responsiveness of individual COR genes was sufficient to overcome the growth inhibition caused by elevated SA at ambient and below-ambient temperatures while preserving disease- and abiotic-stress-related benefits. Our results show the potential of decoupling SA-mediated growth and defense trade-offs for improving crop productivity.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated SA from a heterologous bacterial SA synthase decreased Arabidopsis growth in a dose-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- bacterial SA synthase genee0
- Compound
- SAe0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- dose-dependent mannere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we heterologously expressed a bacterial SA synthase gene in Arabidopsis and observed that elevated SA levels decreased plant growth and reduced the expression of cold-regulated (COR) genes in a dose-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated SA reduced the expression of cold-regulated (COR) genes in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- bacterial SA synthase genee0
- Gene
- cold-regulated (COR) genese0
- Compound
- SAe0
- Outcome
- expression of cold-regulated (COR) genese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we heterologously expressed a bacterial SA synthase gene in Arabidopsis and observed that elevated SA levels decreased plant growth and reduced the expression of cold-regulated (COR) genes in a dose-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth suppression in Arabidopsis was exacerbated at below-ambient temperatures.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- below-ambient temperaturese1
- Outcome
- Growth suppressione1
- Direction
- exacerbatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we heterologously expressed a bacterial SA synthase gene in Arabidopsis and observed that elevated SA levels decreased plant growth and reduced the expression of cold-regulated (COR) genes in a dose-dependent manner”
e1“Growth suppression was exacerbated at below-ambient temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Severing SA-responsiveness of individual COR genes overcame the growth inhibition caused by elevated SA at ambient and below-ambient temperatures.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Severing the SA-responsiveness of individual COR genese2
- Gene
- COR genese2
- Outcome
- growth inhibitione2
- Direction
- overcomee2
- Comparator
- elevated SAe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we heterologously expressed a bacterial SA synthase gene in Arabidopsis and observed that elevated SA levels decreased plant growth and reduced the expression of cold-regulated (COR) genes in a dose-dependent manner”
e2“Severing the SA-responsiveness of individual COR genes was sufficient to overcome the growth inhibition caused by elevated SA at ambient and below-ambient temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Severing SA-responsiveness of individual COR genes preserved disease- and abiotic-stress-related benefits of elevated SA.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Severing the SA-responsiveness of individual COR genese2
- Outcome
- disease- and abiotic-stress-related benefitse3
- Direction
- preservinge3
- Comparator
- elevated SAe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we heterologously expressed a bacterial SA synthase gene in Arabidopsis and observed that elevated SA levels decreased plant growth and reduced the expression of cold-regulated (COR) genes in a dose-dependent manner”
e2“Severing the SA-responsiveness of individual COR genes was sufficient to overcome the growth inhibition caused by elevated SA at ambient and below-ambient temperatures”
e3“while preserving disease- and abiotic-stress-related benefits”
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