Abstract
Abstract A field experiment was conducted during the 2022-2023 agricultural season in two locations, the first in Salah al-Din province/Shirqat District (the discount area), which is about 130 km from the center of the Mosul District, and the second location is the village of al-Hamra in the Nimrud District, which is 50 km from the center of the Mosul District, with the aim of knowing effect of five Types of fertilizers on the growth and yield of four cultivars of durum wheat. A factorial experiment was conducted with two factors and a completely randomized block design (RCBD), with a split-plot system and three replicates. Each replicate contained five main plots that represented the levels of the first factor (fertilizer treatments), and then the levels of the second factor were randomly distributed within them Cultivars (which were four secondary experimental units, and the fertilizers used in the experiment were (mineral fertilizer, organic fertilizer, nanofertilizer, biofertiliser, humic fertilizer). As for the cultivars, they were four cultivars of durum wheat (Sekandrioz, Dor 85, Sardar and Parasiful). Study of the following traits: number of days to flowering, plant height, number of tillers, flag leaf area, spike number, spike length, number of grains per spike, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield, and biological yield. The results obtained from this study were as follows: The mineral fertilizer treatment was excelled in trait of grain yield for Al-Shirqat location, plant height, flag leaf area, and spike length for the Nimrud location, number of tillers, number of spike, and biological yield for the two locations, with values reaching (7934.7 kg.ha -1 , 91.64 cm, 46.74 cm 2 , 8, 64 cm, 410.92 tillers m -2 , 375.00 shore m-2, 365.50 spike m-2, 321.58 spike m -2 , 16539 kg.ha -1 and 16724 kg.ha -1 ) respectively. The nanofertilizer treatment was excelled in trait of the number of grains per spike for Al-Sharqat location, with an average of (51.55 grains. spike -1 ). The biofertilizer treatment was excelled in trait of the number of days to flowering at Al-Nimrud location, with an average of (137.83 days). The humic fertilizer treatment was excelled in plant height at Al-Sharqat location, with an average of (92.41 cm). The Dor 85 cultivar achieved significantly excelled in the two traits of flag leaf area and weight of 1000 grain for both locations, with averages reaching (33.64 cm2, 46.51 cm2, 54.73 g, 50.37 g) respectively. Al-Sardar cultivar gave a significantly excelled in the number of days to flowering, with an average of (118.66 days) for Al-Sharqat location. The Parasiful cultivar was superior in spike length for both locations, with an average of (9.59 cm, 9.25 cm). In the interaction of the two factors, the Parasiful cultivar and the mineral fertilizer treatment gave the highest averages for the number of tillers and the number of spike for both locations, amounting to (444.33 and 415.33 tillers.m -2 ), respectively. The interaction of the Sardar cultivar with organic fertilizer treatment recorded the highest grain yield at the Nimrud location, with an average of (8752 kg.ha -1 )
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer gave the highest grain yield in durum wheat at Al-Shirqat location (7934.7 kg/ha as written).
- Taxon
- durum wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durume1 - Treatment
- mineral fertilizer treatmente2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- excellede2
- Value
- 7934.7 kg.ha -1e2
- Setting
- Al-Shirqat locatione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“they were four cultivars of durum wheat (Sekandrioz, Dor 85, Sardar and Parasiful)”
e2“The mineral fertilizer treatment was excelled in trait of grain yield for Al-Shirqat location, plant height, flag leaf area, and spike length for the Nimrud location, number of tillers, number of spike, and biological yield for the two locations, with values reaching (7934.7 kg.ha -1 , 91.64 cm, 46.74 cm 2 , 8, 64 cm, 410.92 tillers m -2 , 375.00 shore m-2, 365.50 spike m-2, 321.58 spike m -2 , 16539 kg.ha -1 and 16724 kg.ha -1 ) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer gave the highest plant height in durum wheat at Nimrud location (91.64 cm as written).
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizer treatmente2
- Outcome
- plant heighte2
- Direction
- excellede2
- Value
- 91.64 cme2
- Setting
- Nimrud locatione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“they were four cultivars of durum wheat (Sekandrioz, Dor 85, Sardar and Parasiful)”
e2“The mineral fertilizer treatment was excelled in trait of grain yield for Al-Shirqat location, plant height, flag leaf area, and spike length for the Nimrud location, number of tillers, number of spike, and biological yield for the two locations, with values reaching (7934.7 kg.ha -1 , 91.64 cm, 46.74 cm 2 , 8, 64 cm, 410.92 tillers m -2 , 375.00 shore m-2, 365.50 spike m-2, 321.58 spike m -2 , 16539 kg.ha -1 and 16724 kg.ha -1 ) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer gave the highest flag leaf area in durum wheat at Nimrud location (46.74 cm2 as written).
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizer treatmente2
- Outcome
- flag leaf areae2
- Direction
- excellede2
- Value
- 46.74 cm 2e2
- Setting
- Nimrud locatione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“they were four cultivars of durum wheat (Sekandrioz, Dor 85, Sardar and Parasiful)”
e2“The mineral fertilizer treatment was excelled in trait of grain yield for Al-Shirqat location, plant height, flag leaf area, and spike length for the Nimrud location, number of tillers, number of spike, and biological yield for the two locations, with values reaching (7934.7 kg.ha -1 , 91.64 cm, 46.74 cm 2 , 8, 64 cm, 410.92 tillers m -2 , 375.00 shore m-2, 365.50 spike m-2, 321.58 spike m -2 , 16539 kg.ha -1 and 16724 kg.ha -1 ) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer gave the longest spike in durum wheat at Nimrud location (8, 64 cm as written).
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizer treatmente2
- Outcome
- spike lengthe2
- Direction
- excellede2
- Value
- 8, 64 cme2
- Setting
- Nimrud locatione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“they were four cultivars of durum wheat (Sekandrioz, Dor 85, Sardar and Parasiful)”
e2“The mineral fertilizer treatment was excelled in trait of grain yield for Al-Shirqat location, plant height, flag leaf area, and spike length for the Nimrud location, number of tillers, number of spike, and biological yield for the two locations, with values reaching (7934.7 kg.ha -1 , 91.64 cm, 46.74 cm 2 , 8, 64 cm, 410.92 tillers m -2 , 375.00 shore m-2, 365.50 spike m-2, 321.58 spike m -2 , 16539 kg.ha -1 and 16724 kg.ha -1 ) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer gave the highest number of tillers in durum wheat at both locations (410.92 and 375.00 tillers m-2 as written).
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizer treatmente2
- Outcome
- number of tillerse2
- Direction
- excellede2
- Value
- 410.92 tillers m -2 , 375.00 shore m-2e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“they were four cultivars of durum wheat (Sekandrioz, Dor 85, Sardar and Parasiful)”
e2“The mineral fertilizer treatment was excelled in trait of grain yield for Al-Shirqat location, plant height, flag leaf area, and spike length for the Nimrud location, number of tillers, number of spike, and biological yield for the two locations, with values reaching (7934.7 kg.ha -1 , 91.64 cm, 46.74 cm 2 , 8, 64 cm, 410.92 tillers m -2 , 375.00 shore m-2, 365.50 spike m-2, 321.58 spike m -2 , 16539 kg.ha -1 and 16724 kg.ha -1 ) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer gave the highest number of spikes in durum wheat at both locations (365.50 and 321.58 spike m-2 as written).
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizer treatmente2
- Outcome
- number of spikee2
- Direction
- excellede2
- Value
- 365.50 spike m-2, 321.58 spike m -2e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“they were four cultivars of durum wheat (Sekandrioz, Dor 85, Sardar and Parasiful)”
e2“The mineral fertilizer treatment was excelled in trait of grain yield for Al-Shirqat location, plant height, flag leaf area, and spike length for the Nimrud location, number of tillers, number of spike, and biological yield for the two locations, with values reaching (7934.7 kg.ha -1 , 91.64 cm, 46.74 cm 2 , 8, 64 cm, 410.92 tillers m -2 , 375.00 shore m-2, 365.50 spike m-2, 321.58 spike m -2 , 16539 kg.ha -1 and 16724 kg.ha -1 ) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer gave the highest biological yield in durum wheat at both locations (16539 and 16724 kg/ha as written).
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizer treatmente2
- Outcome
- biological yielde2
- Direction
- excellede2
- Value
- 16539 kg.ha -1 and 16724 kg.ha -1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“they were four cultivars of durum wheat (Sekandrioz, Dor 85, Sardar and Parasiful)”
e2“The mineral fertilizer treatment was excelled in trait of grain yield for Al-Shirqat location, plant height, flag leaf area, and spike length for the Nimrud location, number of tillers, number of spike, and biological yield for the two locations, with values reaching (7934.7 kg.ha -1 , 91.64 cm, 46.74 cm 2 , 8, 64 cm, 410.92 tillers m -2 , 375.00 shore m-2, 365.50 spike m-2, 321.58 spike m -2 , 16539 kg.ha -1 and 16724 kg.ha -1 ) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanofertilizer gave the highest number of grains per spike in durum wheat at Al-Sharqat location (51.55 as written).
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- nanofertilizer treatmente3
- Outcome
- number of grains per spikee3
- Direction
- excellede3
- Value
- 51.55 grains. spike -1e3
- Setting
- Al-Sharqat locatione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“they were four cultivars of durum wheat (Sekandrioz, Dor 85, Sardar and Parasiful)”
e3“The nanofertilizer treatment was excelled in trait of the number of grains per spike for Al-Sharqat location, with an average of (51.55 grains. spike -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer gave the earliest flowering (fewest days to flowering) in durum wheat at Al-Nimrud location (137.83 days as written).
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- biofertilizer treatmente4
- Outcome
- number of days to floweringe4
- Direction
- excellede4
- Value
- 137.83 dayse4
- Setting
- Al-Nimrud locatione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“they were four cultivars of durum wheat (Sekandrioz, Dor 85, Sardar and Parasiful)”
e4“The biofertilizer treatment was excelled in trait of the number of days to flowering at Al-Nimrud location, with an average of (137.83 days)”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic fertilizer gave the highest plant height in durum wheat at Al-Sharqat location (92.41 cm as written).
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- humic fertilizer treatmente5
- Outcome
- plant heighte5
- Direction
- excellede5
- Value
- 92.41 cme5
- Setting
- Al-Sharqat locatione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“they were four cultivars of durum wheat (Sekandrioz, Dor 85, Sardar and Parasiful)”
e5“The humic fertilizer treatment was excelled in plant height at Al-Sharqat location, with an average of (92.41 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dor 85 showed significantly higher flag leaf area than the other cultivars at both locations (33.64 and 46.51 cm2 as written).
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Material
- Dor 85e6
- Outcome
- flag leaf areae6
- Direction
- excellede6
- Value
- 33.64 cm2, 46.51 cm2e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“they were four cultivars of durum wheat (Sekandrioz, Dor 85, Sardar and Parasiful)”
e6“The Dor 85 cultivar achieved significantly excelled in the two traits of flag leaf area and weight of 1000 grain for both locations, with averages reaching (33.64 cm2, 46.51 cm2, 54.73 g, 50.37 g) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Dor 85 showed significantly higher 1000-grain weight than the other cultivars at both locations (54.73 and 50.37 g as written).
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Material
- Dor 85e6
- Outcome
- weight of 1000 graine6
- Direction
- excellede6
- Value
- 54.73 g, 50.37 ge6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“they were four cultivars of durum wheat (Sekandrioz, Dor 85, Sardar and Parasiful)”
e6“The Dor 85 cultivar achieved significantly excelled in the two traits of flag leaf area and weight of 1000 grain for both locations, with averages reaching (33.64 cm2, 46.51 cm2, 54.73 g, 50.37 g) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Al-Sardar flowered significantly earlier than the other cultivars at Al-Sharqat location (118.66 days as written).
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Material
- Al-Sardare7
- Outcome
- number of days to floweringe7
- Direction
- excellede7
- Value
- 118.66 dayse7
- Setting
- Al-Sharqat locatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“they were four cultivars of durum wheat (Sekandrioz, Dor 85, Sardar and Parasiful)”
e7“Al-Sardar cultivar gave a significantly excelled in the number of days to flowering, with an average of (118.66 days) for Al-Sharqat location”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasiful had superior spike length at both locations (9.59 and 9.25 cm as written).
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Material
- Parasifule2
- Outcome
- spike lengthe2
- Direction
- superiore2
- Value
- 9.59 cm, 9.25 cme2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“they were four cultivars of durum wheat (Sekandrioz, Dor 85, Sardar and Parasiful)”
e2“The Parasiful cultivar was superior in spike length for both locations, with an average of (9.59 cm, 9.25 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasiful with mineral fertilizer had the highest tiller and spike numbers at both locations (444.33 and 415.33 as written).
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Material
- Parasifule2
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizer treatmente2
- Outcome
- the number of tillers and the number of spikee2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 444.33 and 415.33 tillers.m -2e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“they were four cultivars of durum wheat (Sekandrioz, Dor 85, Sardar and Parasiful)”
e2“In the interaction of the two factors, the Parasiful cultivar and the mineral fertilizer treatment gave the highest averages for the number of tillers and the number of spike for both locations, amounting to (444.33 and 415.33 tillers.m -2 ), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sardar with organic fertilizer gave the highest grain yield at Nimrud location (8752 kg/ha as written).
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Material
- Sardare2
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer treatmente2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 8752 kg.ha -1e2
- Setting
- Nimrud locatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“they were four cultivars of durum wheat (Sekandrioz, Dor 85, Sardar and Parasiful)”
e2“The interaction of the Sardar cultivar with organic fertilizer treatment recorded the highest grain yield at the Nimrud location, with an average of (8752 kg.ha -1 )”
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