Abstract
Durum wheat is an important staple food crop in Tunisia and other Mediterranean countries and is grown in various climatic conditions. Production and yield are however severely limited not only by drought events but also by reduced levels of nitrogen fertilisation. A study was carried out at two locations in the sub-humid area of Tunisia: Mateur in 2009–10 and 2010–11 and Beja in 2011–12 and 2012–13 under rainfed conditions. Four durum wheat genotypes (landraces: Bidi, Azizi; improved: Om Rabia, Khiar) were evaluated for nitrogen agronomic efficiency and related agronomic traits under various nitrogen rates: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha−1, with three replications. There was a significant interaction effect (P ≤ 0.001) environments × genotypes × N treatments for grain yield (GY), biomass yield (BY), harvest index (HI), partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen (PFPN) and nitrogen agronomic use efficiencies (NAE). GY was the most affected trait by nitrogen applied showing an increase of 94% under high N treatment (250 kg N ha−1) compared to control plots without N treatments. A significant linear regression exists between GY (0 N) and GY for the different N rates (r = 0.70; P < 0.001). This effect was more pronounced for improved genotypes than landraces for all parameters excepting BY and NAEBY. BY showed +11% increase in landraces than improved genotypes. PFPN showed an average decrease of 65% under high-N fertilisation with 10% prevalence for improved genotypes. Landraces tend to promote vegetative growth while grain filling efficiency was higher for improved genotypes.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Environment, genotype and nitrogen treatment interacted significantly for grain yield.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“significant interaction effect (P ≤ 0.001) environments × genotypes × N treatments for grain yield (GY)”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-way interaction was significant for biomass yield.
- Taxon
- durum wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durumt0 - Treatment
- N treatmentse0
- Outcome
- biomass yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant interaction effect (P ≤ 0.001) environments × genotypes × N treatments for grain yield (GY), biomass yield (BY)”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-way interaction was significant for harvest index.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- N treatmentse0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant interaction effect (P ≤ 0.001) environments × genotypes × N treatments for grain yield (GY), biomass yield (BY), harvest index (HI)”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-way interaction was significant for partial factor productivity.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- N treatmentse0
- Outcome
- partial factor productivity of applied nitrogene0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant interaction effect (P ≤ 0.001) environments × genotypes × N treatments for grain yield (GY), biomass yield (BY), harvest index (HI), partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen (PFPN)”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-way interaction was significant for nitrogen agronomic use efficiencies.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- N treatmentse0
- Outcome
- nitrogen agronomic use efficienciese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant interaction effect (P ≤ 0.001) environments × genotypes × N treatments for grain yield (GY), biomass yield (BY), harvest index (HI), partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen (PFPN) and nitrogen agronomic use efficiencies (NAE)”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen raised grain yield 94% relative to zero nitrogen.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- high N treatment (250 kg N ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- GYe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 94%e0
- Comparator
- control plots without N treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GY was the most affected trait by nitrogen applied showing an increase of 94% under high N treatment (250 kg N ha−1) compared to control plots without N treatments”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield at zero nitrogen had a significant linear relation to yield at other rates.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- GY for the different N ratese0
- Value
- r = 0.70e0
- Comparator
- GY (0 N)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant linear regression exists between GY (0 N) and GY for the different N rates (r = 0.70; P < 0.001)”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen response was more pronounced in improved genotypes than landraces for most parameters, except biomass yield and NAEBY.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Material
- improved genotypese0
- Outcome
- all parameters excepting BY and NAEBYe0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- landracese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This effect was more pronounced for improved genotypes than landraces for all parameters excepting BY and NAEBY”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Landraces had 11% higher biomass yield than improved genotypes.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Material
- landracese0
- Outcome
- BYe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- +11%e0
- Comparator
- improved genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BY showed +11% increase in landraces than improved genotypes”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Partial factor productivity fell by an average of 65% at high nitrogen fertilisation.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- high-N fertilisatione0
- Outcome
- PFPNe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 65%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PFPN showed an average decrease of 65% under high-N fertilisation”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved genotypes showed 10% prevalence in partial factor productivity.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Material
- improved genotypese0
- Outcome
- PFPNe0
- Value
- 10%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PFPN showed an average decrease of 65% under high-N fertilisation with 10% prevalence for improved genotypes”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Landraces tended to promote vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Material
- Landracese0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Landraces tend to promote vegetative growth”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain filling efficiency was higher for improved genotypes.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Material
- improved genotypese0
- Outcome
- grain filling efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain filling efficiency was higher for improved genotypes”
t0“durum wheat”
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