Abstract
Cadmium concentration in durum (Triticum turgidum) grain may be influenced by fertilizer management. A 3-yr field study conducted on two Orthic Black Chernozemic soils investigated the effects of banded and broadcast applications of N and P, and applications of Zn fertilizer on the yield and Cd concentration of the grain of two cultivars of durum wheat. Applications of N and P fertilizer increased grain yield of durum wheat when soil nutrient supply was low or yield potential was high, while Zn application generally had little effect on grain yield. Cadmium concentration of durum increased with applications of N and P and was generally unaffected by Zn application. Method of application of N or P did not consistently influence either grain yield or Cd concentration of the grain under the conditions of this study. Where differences due to placement occurred, banded P produced higher grain yield and Cd concentration than application of the same level of P as a broadcast treatment. Cadmium accumulation increased substantially with N and P applications, since both Cd concentration in the grain and grain yield increased with N and P application. Year-to-year variation in Cd concentration in the grain was large, indicating a strong effect of environment on Cd phytoavailability. Key words: Management, banding, nutrient, accumulation
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer increased grain yield when nutrient supply was low or yield potential high.
- Taxon
- durum wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durume0 - Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- when soil nutrient supply was low or yield potential was highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applications of N and P fertilizer increased grain yield of durum wheat when soil nutrient supply was low or yield potential was high”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus fertilizer increased grain yield under low nutrient supply or high yield potential.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- P fertilizere0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- when soil nutrient supply was low or yield potential was highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applications of N and P fertilizer increased grain yield of durum wheat when soil nutrient supply was low or yield potential was high”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application generally had little effect on grain yield.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn application generally had little effect on grain yield”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application increased grain cadmium concentration.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- Cadmium concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium concentration of durum increased with applications of N and P”
e1“grain of two cultivars of durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus application increased grain cadmium concentration.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- Pe0
- Outcome
- Cadmium concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium concentration of durum increased with applications of N and P”
e1“grain of two cultivars of durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc generally did not affect cadmium concentration.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- Cadmium concentratione0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium concentration of durum increased with applications of N and P and was generally unaffected by Zn application”
e1“grain of two cultivars of durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen placement did not consistently influence grain yield.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- Method of application of Ne0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not consistently influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Method of application of N or P did not consistently influence either grain yield or Cd concentration of the grain under the conditions of this study”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus placement did not consistently influence grain yield.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- Method of application of N or Pe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not consistently influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Method of application of N or P did not consistently influence either grain yield or Cd concentration of the grain under the conditions of this study”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen placement did not consistently influence grain cadmium concentration.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- Method of application of Ne0
- Outcome
- Cd concentration of the graine0
- Direction
- did not consistently influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Method of application of N or P did not consistently influence either grain yield or Cd concentration of the grain under the conditions of this study”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus placement did not consistently influence grain cadmium concentration.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- Method of application of N or Pe0
- Outcome
- Cd concentration of the graine0
- Direction
- did not consistently influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Method of application of N or P did not consistently influence either grain yield or Cd concentration of the grain under the conditions of this study”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Banded phosphorus produced higher grain yield than the same broadcast dose when placement differences occurred.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- banded Pe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- application of the same level of P as a broadcast treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“banded P produced higher grain yield and Cd concentration than application of the same level of P as a broadcast treatment”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Banded phosphorus produced higher grain cadmium concentration than the same broadcast dose when placement differences occurred.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- banded Pe0
- Outcome
- Cd concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- application of the same level of P as a broadcast treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“banded P produced higher grain yield and Cd concentration than application of the same level of P as a broadcast treatment”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application increased cadmium accumulation through higher grain concentration and yield.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- Cadmium accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- since both Cd concentration in the grain and grain yield increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium accumulation increased substantially with N and P applications, since both Cd concentration in the grain and grain yield increased with N and P application”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus application increased cadmium accumulation through higher grain concentration and yield.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- P applicationse0
- Outcome
- Cadmium accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- since both Cd concentration in the grain and grain yield increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium accumulation increased substantially with N and P applications, since both Cd concentration in the grain and grain yield increased with N and P application”
t0“durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain cadmium concentration varied greatly among years, suggesting environmental effects on cadmium availability.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- variation in Cd concentration in the graine0
- Direction
- largee0
- Qualifier
- strong effect of environment on Cd phytoavailabilitye0
- Setting
- Year-to-yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Year-to-year variation in Cd concentration in the grain was large, indicating a strong effect of environment on Cd phytoavailability”
t0“durum wheat”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · molecular: metabolites · Triticum turgidum (rivet wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →zinc atom · yield · Triticum turgidum (rivet wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →fertilization · yield · Triticum turgidum (rivet wheat)Results differ
67 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
75 papers more in this group
See all 79 papers →nitrogen · molecular: metabolites · Triticum turgidum (rivet wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
nitrogen · yield · Triticum turgidum (rivet wheat)Positive and negative results
45 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
52 papers more in this group
See all 56 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.