Abstract
High levels of phosphorus (P) often induce zinc (Zn) deficiency in plants grown on Zn-poor soils. We investigated P-induced Zn deficiency in durum wheat (Triticum durum L. ‘Carpio’) grown on 16 noncalcareous and 31 calcareous soils differing in levels of available (Olsen) P and available (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable) Zn using micropots. A completely randomized factorial design with two levels of P (0 and 40 mg P kg−1 soil) and Zn (0 and 3 mg Zn kg−1 soil), i.e. four treatments (‘control’, + P, + Zn, and + PZn), were used. Grain yield of control plants depended mainly on the Olsen P level. Phosphorus had a negative effect on yield in 6 soils with Olsen P/ZnDTPA > 25, and Zn a positive one in 5 soils with Olsen P/ZnDTPA > 50; and the + PZn treatment generally resulted in the highest yield. Grain Zn concentration of control plants was negatively correlated with growth and Olsen P. Calcareous soils were less sensitive to P-induced Zn deficiency than noncalcareous soils because phosphate is sorbed by calcite rather than being co-adsorbed with Zn on the Fe oxides. Co-application of P and Zn to soil at low and application of Zn at high Olsen P ensured both maximum yield and grain Zn bioavailability.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Control wheat grain yield depended mainly on Olsen P.
- Taxon
- durum wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durume1 - Compound
- Olsen Pe0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield of control plants depended mainly on the Olsen P level”
e1“durum wheat (Triticum durum L. ‘Carpio’)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus reduced yield in six soils with Olsen P/ZnDTPA above 25.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- Phosphoruse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- negativee0
- Value
- 6 soilse0
- Qualifier
- Olsen P/ZnDTPA > 25e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus had a negative effect on yield in 6 soils with Olsen P/ZnDTPA > 25”
e1“durum wheat (Triticum durum L. ‘Carpio’)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc increased yield in five soils with Olsen P/ZnDTPA above 50.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- Zne0
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- 5 soilse0
- Qualifier
- Olsen P/ZnDTPA > 50e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn a positive one in 5 soils with Olsen P/ZnDTPA > 50”
e1“durum wheat (Triticum durum L. ‘Carpio’)”
e2“Phosphorus had a negative effect on yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined phosphorus and zinc generally produced the highest yield.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- + PZn treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the + PZn treatment generally resulted in the highest yield”
e1“durum wheat (Triticum durum L. ‘Carpio’)”
Claim · model-written summary
Control grain zinc concentration was negatively correlated with growth.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Organ / stage
- Graine0
- Outcome
- Grain Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- negativelye0
- Comparator
- growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain Zn concentration of control plants was negatively correlated with growth and Olsen P”
e1“durum wheat (Triticum durum L. ‘Carpio’)”
Claim · model-written summary
Control grain zinc concentration was negatively correlated with Olsen P.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Compound
- Olsen Pe0
- Outcome
- Grain Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- negativelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain Zn concentration of control plants was negatively correlated with growth and Olsen P”
e1“durum wheat (Triticum durum L. ‘Carpio’)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcareous soils were less sensitive to phosphorus-induced zinc deficiency than noncalcareous soils.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Outcome
- P-induced Zn deficiencye0
- Direction
- less sensitivee0
- Comparator
- noncalcareous soilse0
- Setting
- Calcareous soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcareous soils were less sensitive to P-induced Zn deficiency than noncalcareous soils”
e1“durum wheat (Triticum durum L. ‘Carpio’)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute the soil difference to phosphate sorption by calcite rather than co-adsorption with zinc on iron oxides.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume2
- Outcome
- P-induced Zn deficiencye1
- Qualifier
- phosphate is sorbed by calcite rather than being co-adsorbed with Zn on the Fe oxidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“because phosphate is sorbed by calcite rather than being co-adsorbed with Zn on the Fe oxides”
e1“Calcareous soils were less sensitive to P-induced Zn deficiency than noncalcareous soils”
e2“durum wheat (Triticum durum L. ‘Carpio’)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined phosphorus and zinc at low Olsen P ensured maximum yield.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- Co-application of P and Zne0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-application of P and Zn to soil at low and application of Zn at high Olsen P ensured both maximum yield and grain Zn bioavailability”
e1“durum wheat (Triticum durum L. ‘Carpio’)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application at high Olsen P ensured maximum yield.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- application of Zne0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- high Olsen Pe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Zn at high Olsen P ensured both maximum yield and grain Zn bioavailability”
e1“durum wheat (Triticum durum L. ‘Carpio’)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined phosphorus and zinc at low Olsen P ensured grain zinc bioavailability.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- Co-application of P and Zne0
- Outcome
- grain Zn bioavailabilitye0
- Qualifier
- lowe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-application of P and Zn to soil at low and application of Zn at high Olsen P ensured both maximum yield and grain Zn bioavailability”
e1“durum wheat (Triticum durum L. ‘Carpio’)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application at high Olsen P ensured grain zinc bioavailability.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- application of Zne0
- Outcome
- grain Zn bioavailabilitye0
- Qualifier
- high Olsen Pe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Zn at high Olsen P ensured both maximum yield and grain Zn bioavailability”
e1“durum wheat (Triticum durum L. ‘Carpio’)”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.