Abstract
Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of honeycomb selection design on the production of high-yielding genotypes of sunflower. A field experiment was conducted in the Abu Sedira area of Saqlawiyah / Fallujah District / Anbar Governorate. Five genotypes were used, and selection was carried out using the honeycomb selection design for two seasons. Ten genotypes were obtained, five of which were the original and five were selected genotypes. These are the original genotypes: Aqmar, Haisin, Ishaqi, Sakha, and Flami, and the selected genotypes: Aqmar, Haisi, Ishaqi, Sakha, and Flami. The seeds were planted in three selection cycles in 2022 using honeycomb selection method at a distance of 1.3 m between the furrows and 1.5 m between plants. The selection was based on the largest disk area of the sunflower crop. The superior plants were produced, which were self-pollinated, and then their seeds were mixed and planted and left for random pollination in the third season. The seeds resulting from random pollination were planted in a comparison experiment to compare the original and selected genotypes at three plant densities of 88.88, 66.66, and 53.33 thousand plants ha -1 . The results showed that the Aqmar original genotype had the shortest days to flowering, at 66.78 days. The Ishaqi selected genotype had the longest days to flowering at 72.11 days. The Aqmar selected genotype also had the highest leaf area, at 0.7211 m 2 , compared to the original genotype, which had 0.5222 m 2 . The Ishaqi selected genotype had the highest disk area, at 421.9 cm 2 , while the original had 300.7 cm 2 . The Sakha selected genotype had the highest number of seeds per disk, at 1472.0 seeds, while the original had 1135.5 seeds. The Sakha selected genotype also had the highest plant yield, at 7.938 tons ha -1 . The low plant density (53.33 thousand plants ha -1 ) had the highest number of seeds per disk, at 1395.9 seeds, while the medium and high plant densities (66.66 and 88.88 thousand plants ha -1 ) had the lowest number of seeds per disk, at 1292.2 and 1152 seeds, respectively. The high plant density had the highest grain yield, at 7.355 tons ha -1 , compared to the low density, at 5.887 tons ha -1 . In the interaction between genotypes and plant densities, the Flami selected genotype had the highest disk area, at 476.1 cm 2 , at the low plant density of 53.33 thousand plants ha -1 , while the original had 375.7 cm 2 . The Sakha selected genotype had the highest yield trait at the high plant density, at 8.806 tons ha -1 . We recommend using the Sakha selected genotype with the medium and high plant densities of 66.66 and 88.88 thousand plants ha -1 .
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Original Aqmar flowered earliest at 66.78 days.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Material
- Aqmar original genotypee0
- Outcome
- days to floweringe0
- Direction
- shorteste0
- Value
- 66.78 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the Aqmar original genotype had the shortest days to flowering, at 66.78 days.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected Ishaqi flowered latest at 72.11 days.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Ishaqi selected genotypee0
- Outcome
- days to floweringe0
- Direction
- longeste0
- Value
- 72.11 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Ishaqi selected genotype had the longest days to flowering at 72.11 days.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected Aqmar had the highest leaf area, 0.7211 m 2, compared with 0.5222 m 2 for original Aqmar.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Aqmar selected genotypee0
- Treatment
- Aqmar selected genotypee0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.7211 m 2e0
- Qualifier
- 0.5222 m 2e0
- Comparator
- original genotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Aqmar selected genotype also had the highest leaf area, at 0.7211 m 2 , compared to the original genotype, which had 0.5222 m 2 .”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected Ishaqi had the highest disk area, 421.9 cm 2, versus 300.7 cm 2 for original Ishaqi.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Ishaqi selected genotypee0
- Treatment
- Ishaqi selected genotypee0
- Outcome
- disk areae0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 421.9 cm 2e0
- Qualifier
- 300.7 cm 2e0
- Comparator
- the originale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Ishaqi selected genotype had the highest disk area, at 421.9 cm 2 , while the original had 300.7 cm 2 .”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected Sakha had the highest seeds per disk, 1472.0, versus 1135.5 for original Sakha.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Sakha selected genotypee0
- Treatment
- Sakha selected genotypee0
- Outcome
- number of seeds per diske0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1472.0 seedse0
- Qualifier
- 1135.5 seedse0
- Comparator
- the originale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Sakha selected genotype had the highest number of seeds per disk, at 1472.0 seeds, while the original had 1135.5 seeds.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected Sakha produced the highest plant yield, 7.938 tons ha -1.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Sakha selected genotypee0
- Outcome
- plant yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 7.938 tons ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Sakha selected genotype also had the highest plant yield, at 7.938 tons ha -1 .”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Low density produced the highest seed count per disk, 1395.9, versus 1292.2 and 1152 at medium and high density.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- low plant density (53.33 thousand plants ha -1 )e0
- Outcome
- number of seeds per diske0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1395.9 seedse0
- Qualifier
- 1292.2 and 1152 seedse0
- Comparator
- medium and high plant densitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low plant density (53.33 thousand plants ha -1 ) had the highest number of seeds per disk, at 1395.9 seeds, while the medium and high plant densities (66.66 and 88.88 thousand plants ha -1 ) had the lowest number of seeds per disk, at 1292.2 and 1152 seeds, respectively.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
High density produced the highest grain yield, 7.355 tons ha -1, versus 5.887 tons ha -1 at low density.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- high plant densitye0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 7.355 tons ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- 5.887 tons ha -1e0
- Comparator
- low densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high plant density had the highest grain yield, at 7.355 tons ha -1 , compared to the low density, at 5.887 tons ha -1 .”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected Flami at low density had the highest disk area, 476.1 cm 2, versus 375.7 cm 2 for original Flami.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Flami selected genotypee0
- Treatment
- low plant density of 53.33 thousand plants ha -1e0
- Outcome
- disk areae0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 476.1 cm 2e0
- Qualifier
- 375.7 cm 2e0
- Comparator
- the originale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Flami selected genotype had the highest disk area, at 476.1 cm 2 , at the low plant density of 53.33 thousand plants ha -1 , while the original had 375.7 cm 2 .”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected Sakha at high density produced the highest yield, 8.806 tons ha -1.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Sakha selected genotypee0
- Treatment
- high plant densitye0
- Outcome
- yield traite0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 8.806 tons ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Sakha selected genotype had the highest yield trait at the high plant density, at 8.806 tons ha -1 .”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend selected Sakha at medium and high planting densities.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Sakha selected genotypee0
- Outcome
- using the Sakha selected genotype with the medium and high plant densities of 66.66 and 88.88 thousand plants ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We recommend using the Sakha selected genotype with the medium and high plant densities of 66.66 and 88.88 thousand plants ha -1 .”
t0“Sunflower”
The same questions in other papers
density · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
69 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
81 papers more in this group
See all 85 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.