Abstract
Rice is a crop that requires high amount of water, and the drought is a major constraint in paddy cultivation. Water stress condition frequently prevails due to shortage of rain which results in significantly reduced plant growth and yield of rice. In the present study capability of Trichoderma spp. in imparting drought tolerance to rice, Oryza sativa was explored. Eleven local strains of Trichoderma spp. were applied to rice cv. Swarna Sub-1 through soil application (2 g/kg soil) and seed treatment (20 g/kg seed) under 0, 25, 50 and 75% less watering of the recommended amount. The soil application of T. harzianum AMUTHZ84 significantly promoted the shoot and root length (23.6 and 21.3%) followed by seed treatment (19.7 and 18.2%) under recommended level of irrigation condition (100% irrigation). Next in effectiveness was T. viride AMUTVR73 (21.5 and 18.1%) over untreated control. However, under 75% water availability, soil application with T. harzianum AMUTHZ82 was found superior over other isolates in enhancing shoot and root length (17.7 and 16.4%). The same isolate was also recorded to be superior under 50% (12.4 and 10.1%) and 25% water availability (9.3 and 8.1%) in enhancing the plant growth and biomass of rice cv. Swarna Sub-1. The isolate also significantly enhanced the leaf pigments, and photosynthesis in the rice plants grown under 25-75% water stress condition. In general, soil application of Trichoderma isolates was found more effective than seed treatment, and the T. harzianum AMUTHZ82 provided 8-17% enhancement in the plant growth, biomass, leaf pigments and photosynthesis of rice cv. Swarna Sub-1 grown under 25-75% water stress condition.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Soil application of T. harzianum AMUTHZ84 increased rice shoot length by 23.6% under full irrigation.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- soil application of T. harzianum AMUTHZ84e0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum AMUTHZ84
Trichoderma harzianume0symbiont - Outcome
- shoote0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Value
- 23.6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil application of T. harzianum AMUTHZ84 significantly promoted the shoot and root length (23.6 and 21.3%)”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil application of T. harzianum AMUTHZ84 increased rice root length by 21.3% under full irrigation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- soil application of T. harzianum AMUTHZ84e0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum AMUTHZ84Trichoderma harzianume0symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Value
- 21.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil application of T. harzianum AMUTHZ84 significantly promoted the shoot and root length (23.6 and 21.3%)”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with T. harzianum AMUTHZ84 increased rice shoot length by 19.7% under full irrigation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- seed treatmente0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum AMUTHZ84Trichoderma harzianume1symbiont
- Outcome
- shoote1
- Direction
- promotede1
- Value
- 19.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by seed treatment (19.7 and 18.2%) under recommended level of irrigation condition (100% irrigation)”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
e1“The soil application of T. harzianum AMUTHZ84 significantly promoted the shoot and root length (23.6 and 21.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with T. harzianum AMUTHZ84 increased rice root length by 18.2% under full irrigation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- seed treatmente0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum AMUTHZ84Trichoderma harzianume1symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- promotede1
- Value
- 18.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by seed treatment (19.7 and 18.2%) under recommended level of irrigation condition (100% irrigation)”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
e1“The soil application of T. harzianum AMUTHZ84 significantly promoted the shoot and root length (23.6 and 21.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
T. viride AMUTVR73 increased rice shoot length by 21.5% over untreated control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- T. viride AMUTVR73e0
- Interactor
- T. viride AMUTVR73
Trichoderma viridee0symbiont - Outcome
- shoote1
- Value
- 21.5e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. viride AMUTVR73 (21.5 and 18.1%) over untreated control”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
e1“The soil application of T. harzianum AMUTHZ84 significantly promoted the shoot and root length (23.6 and 21.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
T. viride AMUTVR73 increased rice root length by 18.1% over untreated control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- T. viride AMUTVR73e0
- Interactor
- T. viride AMUTVR73Trichoderma viridee0symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Value
- 18.1%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. viride AMUTVR73 (21.5 and 18.1%) over untreated control”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
e1“The soil application of T. harzianum AMUTHZ84 significantly promoted the shoot and root length (23.6 and 21.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 75% water availability, soil applied T. harzianum AMUTHZ82 increased shoot length by 17.7% over other isolates.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- soil application with T. harzianum AMUTHZ82e0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum AMUTHZ82Trichoderma harzianume0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoote0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Value
- 17.7e0
- Qualifier
- 75% water availabilitye0
- Comparator
- other isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under 75% water availability, soil application with T. harzianum AMUTHZ82 was found superior over other isolates in enhancing shoot and root length (17.7 and 16.4%)”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 75% water availability, soil applied T. harzianum AMUTHZ82 increased root length by 16.4% over other isolates.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- soil application with T. harzianum AMUTHZ82e0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum AMUTHZ82Trichoderma harzianume0symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Value
- 16.4%e0
- Qualifier
- 75% water availabilitye0
- Comparator
- other isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under 75% water availability, soil application with T. harzianum AMUTHZ82 was found superior over other isolates in enhancing shoot and root length (17.7 and 16.4%)”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% water availability, AMUTHZ82 enhanced rice shoot growth by 12.4%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Swarna Sub-1e0
- Treatment
- same isolatee0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Value
- 12.4e0
- Qualifier
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same isolate was also recorded to be superior under 50% (12.4 and 10.1%) and 25% water availability (9.3 and 8.1%) in enhancing the plant growth and biomass of rice cv. Swarna Sub-1”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% water availability, AMUTHZ82 enhanced rice root growth by 10.1%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Swarna Sub-1e0
- Treatment
- same isolatee0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Value
- 10.1%e0
- Qualifier
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same isolate was also recorded to be superior under 50% (12.4 and 10.1%) and 25% water availability (9.3 and 8.1%) in enhancing the plant growth and biomass of rice cv. Swarna Sub-1”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25% water availability, AMUTHZ82 enhanced rice shoot growth by 9.3%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Swarna Sub-1e0
- Treatment
- same isolatee0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Value
- 9.3e0
- Qualifier
- 25% water availabilitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same isolate was also recorded to be superior under 50% (12.4 and 10.1%) and 25% water availability (9.3 and 8.1%) in enhancing the plant growth and biomass of rice cv. Swarna Sub-1”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25% water availability, AMUTHZ82 enhanced rice root growth by 8.1%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Swarna Sub-1e0
- Treatment
- same isolatee0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Value
- 8.1%e0
- Qualifier
- 25% water availabilitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same isolate was also recorded to be superior under 50% (12.4 and 10.1%) and 25% water availability (9.3 and 8.1%) in enhancing the plant growth and biomass of rice cv. Swarna Sub-1”
Claim · model-written summary
AMUTHZ82 significantly enhanced leaf pigments and photosynthesis under 25-75% water stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- isolatee0
- Outcome
- leaf pigments, and photosynthesise0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- 25-75% water stress conditione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The isolate also significantly enhanced the leaf pigments, and photosynthesis in the rice plants grown under 25-75% water stress condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil application of Trichoderma isolates was more effective than seed treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- soil application of Trichoderma isolatese0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma isolatese0symbiont
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- seed treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil application of Trichoderma isolates was found more effective than seed treatment”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AMUTHZ82 improved growth, biomass, leaf pigments and photosynthesis by 8-17% under 25-75% water stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Swarna Sub-1e0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum AMUTHZ82e0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum AMUTHZ82Trichoderma harzianume0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growth, biomass, leaf pigments and photosynthesise0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 8-17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum AMUTHZ82 provided 8-17% enhancement in the plant growth, biomass, leaf pigments and photosynthesis of rice cv. Swarna Sub-1 grown under 25-75% water stress condition”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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See all 10 papers →application · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
273 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
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- no effect
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See all 313 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.