Abstract
Aims This study evaluated the impact of wheat straw return and microbial agent application on rice field environments. Methods Using Rice variety Chuankangyou 2115 and a microbial mix of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum . Five treatments were tested: T 1 (no straw return), T 2 (straw return), T 3 , T 4 , and T 5 (straw return with varying ratios of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum ). Results Results indicated significant improvements in rice root length, surface area, dry weight, soil nutrients, and enzyme activity across T 2 -T 5 compared to T 1 , enhancing yield by 3.81-26.63%. T 3 (50:50 microbial ratio) was optimal, further increasing root dry weight, soil enzyme activity, effective panicle and spikelet numbers, and yield. Dominant bacteria in T 3 included MBNT15 , Defluviicoccus , Ro kubacteriales, and Latescibacterota . Higher Trichoderma harzianum proportions (75% in T 5 ) increased straw decomposition but slightly inhibited root growth. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between yield and soil microorganisms like Gemmatimonadota and Firmicutes at the heading stage. Factors like dry root weight, straw decomposition rate post-jointing stage, and elevated soil enzyme activity and nutrient content from tiller to jointing stage contributed to increased panicle and spikelet numbers, boosting yield. Conclusion The optimal Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum ratio for straw return was 50:50, effectively improving soil health and synergizing high rice yield with efficient straw utilization.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Straw-return treatments improved rice root length, surface area, and dry weight relative to no return.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- T 2 -T 5e0
- Outcome
- rice root length, surface area, dry weighte0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Comparator
- T 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant improvements in rice root length, surface area, dry weight, soil nutrients, and enzyme activity across T 2 -T 5 compared to T 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw-return treatments increased soil nutrients and enzyme activity relative to no return.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- T 2 -T 5e0
- Outcome
- soil nutrients, and enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Comparator
- T 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant improvements in rice root length, surface area, dry weight, soil nutrients, and enzyme activity across T 2 -T 5 compared to T 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw-return treatments enhanced rice yield by 3.81-26.63%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- T 2 -T 5e1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Value
- 3.81-26.63%e0
- Comparator
- T 1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhancing yield by 3.81-26.63%”
e1“rice root length, surface area, dry weight, soil nutrients, and enzyme activity across T 2 -T 5 compared to T 1”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50:50 microbial ratio increased root dry weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- T 3 (50:50 microbial ratio)e0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T 3 (50:50 microbial ratio) was optimal, further increasing root dry weight, soil enzyme activity, effective panicle and spikelet numbers, and yield.”
e1“rice root length”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50:50 microbial ratio increased soil enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- T 3 (50:50 microbial ratio)e0
- Outcome
- soil enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T 3 (50:50 microbial ratio) was optimal, further increasing root dry weight, soil enzyme activity, effective panicle and spikelet numbers, and yield.”
e1“rice root length”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50:50 microbial ratio increased effective panicle and spikelet numbers.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- T 3 (50:50 microbial ratio)e0
- Outcome
- effective panicle and spikelet numberse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T 3 (50:50 microbial ratio) was optimal, further increasing root dry weight, soil enzyme activity, effective panicle and spikelet numbers, and yield.”
e1“rice root length”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50:50 microbial ratio increased rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- T 3 (50:50 microbial ratio)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T 3 (50:50 microbial ratio) was optimal, further increasing root dry weight, soil enzyme activity, effective panicle and spikelet numbers, and yield.”
e1“rice root length”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 soil included MBNT15, Defluviicoccus, Rokubakteriales, and Latescibacterota as dominant bacteria.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- T 3e0
- Interactor
- MBNT15e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Dominant bacteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dominant bacteria in T 3 included MBNT15 , Defluviicoccus , Ro kubacteriales, and Latescibacterota .”
e1“rice root length”
Claim · model-written summary
A 75% Trichoderma proportion increased straw decomposition.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Higher Trichoderma harzianum proportions (75% in T 5 )e0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0symbiont - Outcome
- straw decompositione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher Trichoderma harzianum proportions (75% in T 5 ) increased straw decomposition”
e1“rice root length”
Claim · model-written summary
A 75% Trichoderma proportion slightly inhibited rice root growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Higher Trichoderma harzianum proportions (75% in T 5 )e0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0symbiont
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher Trichoderma harzianum proportions (75% in T 5 ) increased straw decomposition but slightly inhibited root growth.”
e1“rice root length”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield was positively associated with Gemmatimonadota at heading.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- heading stagee0
- Interactor
- GemmatimonadotaGemmatimonadotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant positive relationship between yield and soil microorganisms like Gemmatimonadota and Firmicutes at the heading stage.”
e1“rice root length”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield was positively associated with Firmicutes at heading.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- heading stagee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant positive relationship between yield and soil microorganisms like Gemmatimonadota and Firmicutes at the heading stage.”
e1“rice root length”
Claim · model-written summary
Root dry weight, straw decomposition, soil enzymes, and nutrients contributed to increased panicle and spikelet numbers.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- panicle and spikelet numberse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- dry root weight, straw decomposition rate post-jointing stage, and elevated soil enzyme activity and nutrient contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Factors like dry root weight, straw decomposition rate post-jointing stage, and elevated soil enzyme activity and nutrient content from tiller to jointing stage contributed to increased panicle and spikelet numbers”
e1“rice root length”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased panicle and spikelet numbers boosted rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- boostinge0
- Qualifier
- panicle and spikelet numberse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased panicle and spikelet numbers, boosting yield.”
e1“rice root length”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma harzianum · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.