Abstract
Abstract Despite the considerable efforts reported so far to enhance seed priming, novel ideas are still needed to be suggested to this sustainable sector of agri-seed industry. This could be the first study addressing the effect of nitric oxide (NO) under open field conditions. The impacts of seed redox-priming using sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and osmo-priming with calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), both applied individually or successively, were investigated under salinity stress conditions on wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum L. ). Various parameters, including water relations, growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant activities (enzymatic and non-enzymatic), were recorded to assess the outcomes of these priming agents on mitigating the negative impacts of salinity stress on wheat plants. Water consumptive use (ETa) and irrigation water applied (IWA) decreased with seeds priming. Successive priming with SNP + CaCl 2 induced the greatest values of crop water productivity (CWP), irrigation water productivity (IWP), seed index, grain yield and grain nitrogen content.Under salinity stress, the dry weight of plants was decreased. However, hydro-priming and successive chemical priming agents using combinations of calcium chloride and sodium nitroprusside (CaCl 2 + SNP & SNP + CaCl 2 ) preserved growth under salinity stress.Individual priming with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) resulted in the lowest recorded content of sodium in the shoot, with a value of 2 ppm. On the other hand, successive priming using CaCl 2 + SNP or SNP + CaCl 2 induced the contents of potassium in the shoot, with values of 40 ppm and 39 ppm, respectively. Malondialdehyde decreased in shoot significantly withapplicationof priming agents. Successive priming with CaCl 2 + SNP induced the highest proline contents in shoot (6 µg/ g FW). The highest value of phenolics and total antioxidants contents in shoot were recorded under successive priming using CaCl 2 + SNP and SNP + CaCl 2 .Priming agents improved the activities of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzymes. The successive priming improved water relations (ETa, IWA, CWP and IWP) and wheat growth and productivity under salinity stress more than individual priming treatments.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Successive SNP and CaCl2 priming gave the greatest crop and irrigation water productivity in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Successive priming with SNP + CaCl 2e1
- Outcome
- crop water productivity (CWP), irrigation water productivity (IWP)e1
- Direction
- greateste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum L. )”
e1“Successive priming with SNP + CaCl 2 induced the greatest values of crop water productivity (CWP), irrigation water productivity (IWP), seed index, grain yield and grain nitrogen content”
Claim · model-written summary
Successive SNP and CaCl2 priming gave the greatest seed index, grain yield and grain nitrogen content in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Successive priming with SNP + CaCl 2e1
- Outcome
- seed index, grain yield and grain nitrogen contente1
- Direction
- greateste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum L. )”
e1“Successive priming with SNP + CaCl 2 induced the greatest values of crop water productivity (CWP), irrigation water productivity (IWP), seed index, grain yield and grain nitrogen content”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming decreased water consumptive use and irrigation water applied in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seeds priminge2
- Outcome
- Water consumptive use (ETa) and irrigation water applied (IWA)e2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum L. )”
e2“Water consumptive use (ETa) and irrigation water applied (IWA) decreased with seeds priming”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress decreased the dry weight of wheat plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse3
- Outcome
- dry weight of plantse3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum L. )”
e3“Under salinity stress, the dry weight of plants was decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydro-priming and successive chemical priming preserved wheat growth under salinity stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- hydro-priminge4
- Outcome
- growthe4
- Direction
- preservede4
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum L. )”
e4“hydro-priming and successive chemical priming agents using combinations of calcium chloride and sodium nitroprusside (CaCl 2 + SNP & SNP + CaCl 2 ) preserved growth under salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual SNP and CaCl2 priming gave the lowest shoot sodium content in wheat, at 2 ppm.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- shoote5
- Treatment
- Individual priming with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and calcium chloride (CaCl 2 )e5
- Outcome
- content of sodium in the shoote5
- Direction
- loweste5
- Value
- 2 ppme5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum L. )”
e5“Individual priming with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) resulted in the lowest recorded content of sodium in the shoot, with a value of 2 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Successive SNP and CaCl2 priming induced shoot potassium content in wheat, at 40 and 39 ppm.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- successive priming using CaCl 2 + SNPe6
- Outcome
- contents of potassium in the shoote6
- Direction
- inducede6
- Value
- 40 ppm and 39 ppme6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum L. )”
e6“successive priming using CaCl 2 + SNP or SNP + CaCl 2 induced the contents of potassium in the shoot, with values of 40 ppm and 39 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming agents decreased shoot malondialdehyde in wheat significantly.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- shoote7
- Treatment
- application of priming agentse7
- Outcome
- Malondialdehydee7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum L. )”
e7“Malondialdehyde decreased in shoot significantly withapplicationof priming agents”
Claim · model-written summary
Successive SNP and CaCl2 priming gave the highest shoot proline content in wheat, at 6 µg/ g FW.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Successive priming with CaCl 2 + SNPe1
- Outcome
- proline contents in shoote1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 6 µg/ g FWe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum L. )”
e1“Successive priming with CaCl 2 + SNP induced the highest proline contents in shoot (6 µg/ g FW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Successive priming gave the highest shoot phenolics and total antioxidant contents in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- successive priming using CaCl 2 + SNP and SNP + CaCl 2e2
- Outcome
- phenolics and total antioxidants contents in shoote2
- Direction
- higheste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum L. )”
e2“The highest value of phenolics and total antioxidants contents in shoot were recorded under successive priming using CaCl 2 + SNP and SNP + CaCl 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming agents improved ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Priming agentse2
- Outcome
- activities of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzymese2
- Direction
- improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum L. )”
e2“Priming agents improved the activities of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Successive priming improved wheat water relations under salinity stress more than individual priming.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- successive priminge1
- Outcome
- water relationse1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse1
- Comparator
- individual priming treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum L. )”
e1“The successive priming improved water relations (ETa, IWA, CWP and IWP) and wheat growth and productivity under salinity stress more than individual priming treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Successive priming improved wheat growth and productivity under salinity stress more than individual priming.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- successive priminge1
- Outcome
- wheat growth and productivitye1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse1
- Comparator
- individual priming treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum L. )”
e1“The successive priming improved water relations (ETa, IWA, CWP and IWP) and wheat growth and productivity under salinity stress more than individual priming treatments”
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See all 8 papers →8 of 17 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.