Abstract
Many phytopathogenic bacteria require a type III secretion system (TTSS) to activate effector-triggered immunity (ETI). We identified a calcium-binding protein, EfhX Xfa , in the citrus pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. aurantifolii that does not require a TTSS to activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elicit a hypersensitive reaction (HR) in tomato leaves following infection. Purified, recombinant EfhX Xfa was shown to bind two moles of calcium per mole of protein, whereas mutation of the first of two EF-hands did not bind calcium. EfhX Xfa expression was determined to be inducible in hrp-inducing medium. Additionally, growth of X. perforans transconjugants with and without the efhX Xfa gene in hrp-inducing medium differed in intracellular calcium concentration; the transconjugant without efhX Xfa yielded higher cell pellet masses and higher increased intracellular calcium concentrations relative to cells expressing EfhX Xfa . An EfhX Xfa homolog, EfhX Xe , present in the pepper pathogen X. euvesicatoria, triggered ROS production and an HR in tomato leaves when expressed in the tomato pathogen X. perforans and is a host-limiting factor. Interestingly, all tested X. perforans and X. euvesicatoria strains pathogenic on tomato contain a stop codon immediately upstream of the first EF-hand domain in the efhX Xe gene, whereas most X. euvesicatoria strains pathogenic on pepper do not. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
EfhX Xfa triggered ROS and a hypersensitive reaction in infected tomato leaves without TTSS.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- infectione0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas citri subsp. aurantifolii
Xanthomonas citrie0pathogen - Gene
- EfhX Xfae0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elicit a hypersensitive reaction (HR)e0
- Qualifier
- does not require a TTSSe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EfhX Xfa , in the citrus pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. aurantifolii that does not require a TTSS to activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elicit a hypersensitive reaction (HR) in tomato leaves following infection”
Claim · model-written summary
EfhX Xfa bound two moles of calcium per mole of protein.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- EfhX Xfae0
- Outcome
- bind two moles of calcium per mole of proteine0
- Value
- two moles of calcium per mole of proteine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Purified, recombinant EfhX Xfa was shown to bind two moles of calcium per mole of protein”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutation of the first EF-hand abolished calcium binding.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- mutation of the first of two EF-handse0
- Outcome
- bind calciume0
- Direction
- did note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutation of the first of two EF-hands did not bind calcium”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EfhX Xfa expression was inducible in hrp-inducing medium.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- EfhX Xfae0
- Outcome
- EfhX Xfa expressione0
- Setting
- hrp-inducing mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EfhX Xfa expression was determined to be inducible in hrp-inducing medium”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The X. perforans transconjugant without efhX Xfa had higher cell pellet mass.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- X. perforansXanthomonas perforanse1pathogene0
- Gene
- efhX Xfae0
- Outcome
- cell pellet massese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- cells expressing EfhX Xfae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the transconjugant without efhX Xfa yielded higher cell pellet masses and higher increased intracellular calcium concentrations relative to cells expressing EfhX Xfa”
t0“Tomato Plants”
e1“X. perforans transconjugants with and without the efhX Xfa gene”
Claim · model-written summary
The X. perforans transconjugant without efhX Xfa had higher intracellular calcium.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- efhX Xfae0
- Outcome
- intracellular calcium concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- cells expressing EfhX Xfae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the transconjugant without efhX Xfa yielded higher cell pellet masses and higher increased intracellular calcium concentrations relative to cells expressing EfhX Xfa”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
EfhX Xe expressed in X. perforans triggered ROS in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- expressed in the tomato pathogen X. perforanse0
- Interactor
- X. perforansXanthomonas perforanse0pathogen
- Gene
- EfhX Xee0
- Outcome
- ROS productione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EfhX Xe , present in the pepper pathogen X. euvesicatoria, triggered ROS production and an HR in tomato leaves when expressed in the tomato pathogen X. perforans”
Claim · model-written summary
EfhX Xe expressed in X. perforans triggered a hypersensitive reaction in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- expressed in the tomato pathogen X. perforanse0
- Interactor
- X. perforansXanthomonas perforanse0pathogen
- Gene
- EfhX Xee0
- Outcome
- an HR in tomato leavese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EfhX Xe , present in the pepper pathogen X. euvesicatoria, triggered ROS production and an HR in tomato leaves when expressed in the tomato pathogen X. perforans”
Claim · model-written summary
EfhX Xe was a host-limiting factor.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- X. perforansXanthomonas perforanse0pathogen
- Gene
- EfhX Xee0
- Outcome
- host-limiting factore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EfhX Xe , present in the pepper pathogen X. euvesicatoria, triggered ROS production and an HR in tomato leaves when expressed in the tomato pathogen X. perforans and is a host-limiting factor”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested tomato-pathogenic X. perforans and X. euvesicatoria had a stop codon upstream of the efhX Xe EF-hand.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- X. perforansXanthomonas perforanse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- X. euvesicatoriaXanthomonas euvesicatoriae0pathogen
- Gene
- efhX Xee0
- Outcome
- stop codon immediately upstream of the first EF-hand domaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all tested X. perforans and X. euvesicatoria strains pathogenic on tomato contain a stop codon immediately upstream of the first EF-hand domain in the efhX Xe gene”
Claim · model-written summary
Most pepper-pathogenic X. euvesicatoria lacked that upstream stop codon.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Interactor
- X. euvesicatoriaXanthomonas euvesicatoriae0pathogen
- Outcome
- do note0
Verbatim
e0“most X. euvesicatoria strains pathogenic on pepper do not”
e1“contain a stop codon immediately upstream of the first EF-hand domain in the efhX Xe gene”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.