Abstract
Chemical desiccation in the preharvest of grains and seeds is commonly used in production fields. Using herbicides for this purpose is a viable alternative to reduce beans' exposure to adverse crop conditions. Our objectives were to evaluate (1) the efficacy of herbicides for accelerated defoliation of cowpea, (2) the impact of herbicide application on antioxidant enzyme activity and protein and amino acid contents in seeds, and (3) the effects of different herbicide application schedules on the physiological aspects of seeds. In the first experiment, in addition to the control treatment (without herbicides), seven herbicides and two mixtures were applied at night: diquat, flumioxazin, diquat + flumioxazin, glufosinate ammonium, saflufenacil, carfentrazone, diquat + carfentrazone, atrazine, and glyphosate. Diquat and its mixtures showed greater efficacy in anticipating the harvest. Flumioxazin and diquat alone reduced amino acid content by 61.72 and 51.44%, respectively. The same trend was observed for total soluble proteins. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, PPO) increased, indicating oxidative stress caused by diquat and flumioxazin. In the second experiment, we tested three application times (6 a.m., 12 p.m., 6 p.m.) with diquat, diquat + flumioxazin, and diquat + carfentrazone. The lowest damage to chlorophyll a was at 6 a.m.; other times reduced photosynthetic pigments and increased carotenoid content. Total soluble sugars decreased by 27.74% with nocturnal application of diquat + flumioxazin. Our data indicate that herbicide use for desiccation affects seed quality. These findings highlight the need for selecting appropriate herbicides and application times. Future research should explore long-term impacts on crop yield and quality.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Diquat and mixtures more effectively advanced harvest.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- Diquat and its mixturese0
- Outcome
- anticipating the harveste0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diquat and its mixtures showed greater efficacy in anticipating the harvest”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin reduced amino acid content by 61.72%.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Flumioxazine0
- Outcome
- amino acid contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 61.72e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flumioxazin and diquat alone reduced amino acid content by 61.72 and 51.44%, respectively”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Diquat reduced amino acid content by 51.44%.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- diquat alonee0
- Outcome
- amino acid contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 51.44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flumioxazin and diquat alone reduced amino acid content by 61.72 and 51.44%, respectively”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin reduced total soluble proteins.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Flumioxazine0
- Outcome
- total soluble proteinse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flumioxazin and diquat alone reduced amino acid content by 61.72 and 51.44%, respectively. The same trend was observed for total soluble proteins”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Diquat reduced total soluble proteins.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- diquate0
- Outcome
- total soluble proteinse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flumioxazin and diquat alone reduced amino acid content by 61.72 and 51.44%, respectively. The same trend was observed for total soluble proteins”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Diquat and flumioxazin increased CAT, POD and PPO activity.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- diquat and flumioxazine0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, PPO)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, PPO) increased, indicating oxidative stress caused by diquat and flumioxazin”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll a damage was lowest at 6 a.m.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- damage to chlorophyll ae0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- 6 a.m.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest damage to chlorophyll a was at 6 a.m.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Other application times reduced photosynthetic pigments.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- other timese0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“other times reduced photosynthetic pigments and increased carotenoid content”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Other application times increased carotenoid content.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- other timese0
- Outcome
- carotenoid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“other times reduced photosynthetic pigments and increased carotenoid content”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Nocturnal diquat plus flumioxazin reduced total soluble sugars by 27.74%.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- nocturnal application of diquat + flumioxazine0
- Outcome
- Total soluble sugarse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 27.74%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total soluble sugars decreased by 27.74% with nocturnal application of diquat + flumioxazin”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend choosing herbicides and application times carefully for seed quality.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- selecting appropriate herbicides and application timese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These findings highlight the need for selecting appropriate herbicides and application times”
t0“Cowpea”
The same questions in other papers
diquat · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.