Abstract
Abstract Sowing date and soil fertility are very important factors in the overwintering and production performance of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), yet there’s a knowledge gap in knowledge on how late-seeded alfalfa responds to phosphorus (P) fertilization. A field study was conducted in Inner Mongolia from 2020 to 2022 using a split-plot design. The main plots consisted of five sowing dates (31 July, 8, 16, and 24 August, and 1 September), while the subplots involved five P application rates (0, 40, 70, 100, and 130 kg P 2 O 5 ha −1 ). Throughout the growing seasons, the overwintering rate, root traits, forage yield, and yield components were measured. The results revealed a consistent decrease in overwintering ability and productivity with the delayed sowing. This reduction in overwintering rate was mainly due to diminished root traits, while the decrease in forage yield was largely associated with a reduction in plants per square meter. However, P fertilizer application to late-seeded alfalfa demonstrated potential in enhancing the diameter of both the crown and taproot, thus strengthening the root system and improving the overwintering rate, the rate of increase ranges from 11.6 to 49%. This adjustment could also improve the shoots per square meter and mass per shoot, increasing by 9.4–31.3% and 15.0–27.1% respectively in 2 years, which can offset the decline in forage yield caused by late sowing and might even increase the forage yield. Regression and path analysis indicated that alfalfa forage yield is primarily affected by mass per shoot rather than shoots per square meter. This study recommended that the sowing of alfalfa in similar regions of Inner Mongolia should not be later than mid-August. Moreover, applying P fertilizer (P 2 O 5 ) at 70.6–85.9 kg ha −1 can enhance the forage yield and persistence of late-seeded alfalfa. Therefore, appropriate late sowing combined with the application of P fertilizer can be used as an efficient cultivation strategy for alfalfa cultivation after a short-season crop harvest in arid and cold regions.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed sowing decreased overwintering ability.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- delayed sowinge0
- Outcome
- overwintering abilitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed a consistent decrease in overwintering ability and productivity with the delayed sowing.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed sowing decreased productivity.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- delayed sowinge0
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed a consistent decrease in overwintering ability and productivity with the delayed sowing.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced overwintering rate was mainly attributed to diminished root traits.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- reduction in overwintering ratee0
- Qualifier
- diminished root traitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This reduction in overwintering rate was mainly due to diminished root traits”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower forage yield was largely associated with fewer plants per square meter.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- decrease in forage yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- reduction in plants per square metere0
- Setting
- sodic soilst0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decrease in forage yield was largely associated with a reduction in plants per square meter”
t0“alfalfa in sodic soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus fertilizer enhanced crown diameter in late-seeded alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- crowne0
- Treatment
- P fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- diameter of both the crown and taproote0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P fertilizer application to late-seeded alfalfa demonstrated potential in enhancing the diameter of both the crown and taproot”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus fertilizer enhanced taproot diameter in late-seeded alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- taproote0
- Treatment
- P fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- diameter of both the crown and taproote0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P fertilizer application to late-seeded alfalfa demonstrated potential in enhancing the diameter of both the crown and taproot”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus fertilizer improved overwintering rate by 11.6 to 49%.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Phosphorus fertilizationt0
- Outcome
- overwintering ratee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 11.6 to 49%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving the overwintering rate, the rate of increase ranges from 11.6 to 49%”
t0“Phosphorus fertilization enhanced overwintering, root system and forage yield of late-seeded alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus fertilizer increased shoots per square meter by 9.4–31.3%.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Phosphorus fertilizationt0
- Outcome
- shoots per square metere0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 9.4–31.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improve the shoots per square meter and mass per shoot, increasing by 9.4–31.3% and 15.0–27.1% respectively in 2 years”
t0“Phosphorus fertilization enhanced overwintering, root system and forage yield of late-seeded alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus fertilizer increased mass per shoot by 15.0–27.1%.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Phosphorus fertilizationt0
- Outcome
- mass per shoote0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 15.0–27.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improve the shoots per square meter and mass per shoot, increasing by 9.4–31.3% and 15.0–27.1% respectively in 2 years”
t0“Phosphorus fertilization enhanced overwintering, root system and forage yield of late-seeded alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus fertilizer might offset late-sowing forage yield loss or increase yield.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Phosphorus fertilizationt0
- Outcome
- forage yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- mighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can offset the decline in forage yield caused by late sowing and might even increase the forage yield”
t0“Phosphorus fertilization enhanced overwintering, root system and forage yield of late-seeded alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage yield was affected more by mass per shoot than by shoots per square meter.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- forage yielde0
- Qualifier
- mass per shoote0
- Comparator
- shoots per square metere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alfalfa forage yield is primarily affected by mass per shoot rather than shoots per square meter”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend sowing alfalfa no later than mid-August in similar regions of Inner Mongolia.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- should not be later than mid-Auguste0
- Setting
- similar regions of Inner Mongoliae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the sowing of alfalfa in similar regions of Inner Mongolia should not be later than mid-August”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 70.6–85.9 kg ha −1 phosphorus fertilizer to improve forage yield and persistence.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- P fertilizer (P 2 O 5 ) at 70.6–85.9 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- enhance the forage yield and persistencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying P fertilizer (P 2 O 5 ) at 70.6–85.9 kg ha −1 can enhance the forage yield and persistence of late-seeded alfalfa”
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