Abstract
The present investigation reported that FYM application in different seasons influenced root, shoot, and seedling length, straw K, vigour index-I, nutrient uptake, grain, and stover yield of pearl millet significantly (P < 0.05) and followed the order: both seasons > kharif > rabi . Applying FYM in both seasons resulted in higher N, P, and K content in pearl millet grain (1.99%, 0.17%, and 0.37%, respectively) followed by kharif season application (1.93, 0.16, and 0.35%, respectively). Applying 15 t FYM ha −1 significantly increased the grain N (13.19%), P (63.16%), K (22.29%), protein (13.56%), stover N (32.76%), P (46.66%) and root length (29.83%) over FYM 0. After 50 cropping cycles, continuous application of FYM 15 , FYM 10 , and FYM 5 significantly improved vigour index-I by 52.85, 39.26, and 23.63% over no FYM, respectively. Applying 120 kg N ha −1 significantly increased N (6.38%), P (15.89%), and protein (6.03%) content, germination (5.91%), and vigour indexes (24.52 to 30.91%) of pearl millet grain over no fertilizer N. The treatment FYM 15 × N 120 increased the seedling length of pearl millet by 30.54 over N 120 and 11.08% over FYM 15 alone, respectively. Adding FYM either during both seasons or in the kharif season along with fertilizer N proved superior in improving the quality and yield of pearl millet.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
FYM application in both seasons ranked above kharif and rabi application for root, shoot and seedling length.
- Taxon
- pearl millet
Cenchrus americanust0 - Treatment
- FYM applicatione0
- Outcome
- root, shoot, and seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- both seasons > kharif > rabie0
- Comparator
- kharif > rabie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FYM application in different seasons influenced root, shoot, and seedling length, straw K, vigour index-I, nutrient uptake, grain, and stover yield of pearl millet significantly (P < 0.05) and followed the order: both seasons > kharif > rabi”
t0“of pearl millet under”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM application in both seasons ranked highest for straw K, vigour, nutrient uptake and yield.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- FYM applicatione0
- Outcome
- straw K, vigour index-I, nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- both seasons > kharif > rabie0
- Comparator
- kharif > rabie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FYM application in different seasons influenced root, shoot, and seedling length, straw K, vigour index-I, nutrient uptake, grain, and stover yield of pearl millet significantly (P < 0.05) and followed the order: both seasons > kharif > rabi”
t0“of pearl millet under”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM in both seasons gave grain N content of 1.99%.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- FYM in both seasonse0
- Outcome
- N, P, and K contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.99%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying FYM in both seasons resulted in higher N, P, and K content in pearl millet grain (1.99%, 0.17%, and 0.37%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM in both seasons gave grain P content of 0.17%.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- FYM in both seasonse0
- Outcome
- P, and K contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.17%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying FYM in both seasons resulted in higher N, P, and K content in pearl millet grain (1.99%, 0.17%, and 0.37%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM in both seasons gave grain K content of 0.37%.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- FYM in both seasonse0
- Outcome
- K contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.37%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying FYM in both seasons resulted in higher N, P, and K content in pearl millet grain (1.99%, 0.17%, and 0.37%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM increased grain N by 13.19%.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- 15 t FYM ha −1e0
- Outcome
- grain Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.19%e0
- Comparator
- FYM 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 15 t FYM ha −1 significantly increased the grain N (13.19%), P (63.16%), K (22.29%), protein (13.56%), stover N (32.76%), P (46.66%) and root length (29.83%) over FYM 0”
t0“of pearl millet under”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM increased grain P by 63.16%.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- 15 t FYM ha −1e0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 63.16%e0
- Comparator
- FYM 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 15 t FYM ha −1 significantly increased the grain N (13.19%), P (63.16%), K (22.29%), protein (13.56%), stover N (32.76%), P (46.66%) and root length (29.83%) over FYM 0”
t0“of pearl millet under”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM increased grain K by 22.29%.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- 15 t FYM ha −1e0
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.29%e0
- Comparator
- FYM 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 15 t FYM ha −1 significantly increased the grain N (13.19%), P (63.16%), K (22.29%), protein (13.56%), stover N (32.76%), P (46.66%) and root length (29.83%) over FYM 0”
t0“of pearl millet under”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM increased grain protein by 13.56%.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- 15 t FYM ha −1e0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.56%e0
- Comparator
- FYM 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 15 t FYM ha −1 significantly increased the grain N (13.19%), P (63.16%), K (22.29%), protein (13.56%), stover N (32.76%), P (46.66%) and root length (29.83%) over FYM 0”
t0“of pearl millet under”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM increased stover N by 32.76%.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- 15 t FYM ha −1e0
- Outcome
- stover Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 32.76%e0
- Comparator
- FYM 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 15 t FYM ha −1 significantly increased the grain N (13.19%), P (63.16%), K (22.29%), protein (13.56%), stover N (32.76%), P (46.66%) and root length (29.83%) over FYM 0”
t0“of pearl millet under”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM increased stover P by 46.66%.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- 15 t FYM ha −1e0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 46.66%e0
- Comparator
- FYM 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 15 t FYM ha −1 significantly increased the grain N (13.19%), P (63.16%), K (22.29%), protein (13.56%), stover N (32.76%), P (46.66%) and root length (29.83%) over FYM 0”
t0“of pearl millet under”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM increased root length by 29.83%.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- 15 t FYM ha −1e0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29.83%e0
- Comparator
- FYM 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 15 t FYM ha −1 significantly increased the grain N (13.19%), P (63.16%), K (22.29%), protein (13.56%), stover N (32.76%), P (46.66%) and root length (29.83%) over FYM 0”
t0“of pearl millet under”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous FYM 15 improved vigour index-I by 52.85%.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- FYM 15e0
- Outcome
- vigour index-Ie0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 52.85e0
- Comparator
- no FYMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuous application of FYM 15 , FYM 10 , and FYM 5 significantly improved vigour index-I by 52.85, 39.26, and 23.63% over no FYM”
t0“of pearl millet under”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous FYM 10 improved vigour index-I by 39.26%.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- FYM 10e0
- Outcome
- vigour index-Ie0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 39.26e0
- Comparator
- no FYMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuous application of FYM 15 , FYM 10 , and FYM 5 significantly improved vigour index-I by 52.85, 39.26, and 23.63% over no FYM”
t0“of pearl millet under”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous FYM 5 improved vigour index-I by 23.63%.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- FYM 5e0
- Outcome
- vigour index-Ie0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 23.63%e0
- Comparator
- no FYMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuous application of FYM 15 , FYM 10 , and FYM 5 significantly improved vigour index-I by 52.85, 39.26, and 23.63% over no FYM”
t0“of pearl millet under”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 120 kg/ha increased grain N, P and protein content.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- 120 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- N (6.38%), P (15.89%), and protein (6.03%) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- no fertilizer Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 120 kg N ha −1 significantly increased N (6.38%), P (15.89%), and protein (6.03%) content, germination (5.91%), and vigour indexes (24.52 to 30.91%) of pearl millet grain over no fertilizer N”
t0“of pearl millet under”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 120 kg/ha increased germination and vigour indexes.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- 120 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- germination (5.91%), and vigour indexes (24.52 to 30.91%)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- no fertilizer Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 120 kg N ha −1 significantly increased N (6.38%), P (15.89%), and protein (6.03%) content, germination (5.91%), and vigour indexes (24.52 to 30.91%) of pearl millet grain over no fertilizer N”
t0“of pearl millet under”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM 15 × N 120 increased seedling length over N 120 alone.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- FYM 15 × N 120e0
- Outcome
- seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30.54e0
- Comparator
- N 120e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment FYM 15 × N 120 increased the seedling length of pearl millet by 30.54 over N 120”
t0“of pearl millet under”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM 15 × N 120 increased seedling length by 11.08% over FYM 15 alone.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- FYM 15 × N 120e0
- Outcome
- seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11.08%e0
- Comparator
- FYM 15 alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment FYM 15 × N 120 increased the seedling length of pearl millet by 30.54 over N 120 and 11.08% over FYM 15 alone”
t0“of pearl millet under”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM in both seasons or kharif with nitrogen was superior for pearl millet quality and yield.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- FYM either during both seasons or in the kharif season along with fertilizer Ne0
- Outcome
- quality and yielde0
- Direction
- superiore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Adding FYM either during both seasons or in the kharif season along with fertilizer N proved superior in improving the quality and yield of pearl millet”
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