Abstract
Field experiments were conducted during 2021 and 2022 with twelve treatments on sandy clay loam soil in randomized block design (RBD), replicated thrice. The treatment consisted of rice co-culture with Sesbania bispinosa (Sesbania) and applied with different formulations of 2,4-D sodium salt, ethyl-ester and amine at varied levels (0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 kg/ha), hand weeding twice, weed free and unweeded control. Application of 2,4-D ethyl-ester 1.0 kg/ha proved effective in weed management by exhibiting significantly lower densities of grass (70.7/m2), sedges (14.7/m2), and broad-leaved weeds (0.0/m2) with higher weed control efficiency of 74.3% at 60 DAS. Brown manuring through application of 2,4-D ethyl-ester 1.0 kg/ha led to higher grain yield (3.62 t/ha) and B:C ratio (2.03) and it was followed by 2,4-D sodium salt 1.0 kg/ha. Therefore, 2,4-D ethyl-ester 1.0 kg/ha can be recommended for effective brown manuring and eco-friendly weed management in rice, which would provide higher rice grain yield and B: C ratio. The next best treatment was rice co-culture with dhaincha and applied with 2,4-D sodium salt 1.0 kg/ha in wet seeded rice of deltaic coastal ecosystem.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Ethyl-ester at 1.0 kg/ha had significantly lower grass density of 70.7/m2.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- 2,4-D ethyl-ester 1.0 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- grasse0weed
- Outcome
- densities of grasse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 70.7/m2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 2,4-D ethyl-ester 1.0 kg/ha proved effective in weed management by exhibiting significantly lower densities of grass (70.7/m2), sedges (14.7/m2), and broad-leaved weeds (0.0/m2) with higher weed control efficiency of 74.3% at 60 DAS”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethyl-ester at 1.0 kg/ha had significantly lower sedge density of 14.7/m2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D ethyl-ester 1.0 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- densities of grass (70.7/m2), sedgese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 14.7/m2e0
CarexNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 2,4-D ethyl-ester 1.0 kg/ha proved effective in weed management by exhibiting significantly lower densities of grass (70.7/m2), sedges (14.7/m2), and broad-leaved weeds (0.0/m2) with higher weed control efficiency of 74.3% at 60 DAS”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethyl-ester at 1.0 kg/ha had significantly lower broad-leaved weed density of 0.0/m2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D ethyl-ester 1.0 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- broad-leaved weedse0weed
- Outcome
- broad-leaved weedse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 0.0/m2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 2,4-D ethyl-ester 1.0 kg/ha proved effective in weed management by exhibiting significantly lower densities of grass (70.7/m2), sedges (14.7/m2), and broad-leaved weeds (0.0/m2) with higher weed control efficiency of 74.3% at 60 DAS”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethyl-ester at 1.0 kg/ha produced higher weed control efficiency of 74.3% at 60 DAS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 74.3%e0
- Qualifier
- 60 DASe0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with higher weed control efficiency of 74.3% at 60 DAS”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethyl-ester brown manuring yielded 3.62 t/ha grain.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D ethyl-ester 1.0 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.62 t/hae0
- Comparator
- 2,4-D sodium salt 1.0 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Brown manuring through application of 2,4-D ethyl-ester 1.0 kg/ha led to higher grain yield (3.62 t/ha) and B:C ratio (2.03) and it was followed by 2,4-D sodium salt 1.0 kg/ha”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethyl-ester brown manuring gave a higher benefit-cost ratio of 2.03.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D ethyl-ester 1.0 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.03e0
- Comparator
- 2,4-D sodium salt 1.0 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Brown manuring through application of 2,4-D ethyl-ester 1.0 kg/ha led to higher grain yield (3.62 t/ha) and B:C ratio (2.03) and it was followed by 2,4-D sodium salt 1.0 kg/ha”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend ethyl-ester 1.0 kg/ha for brown manuring and weed management in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- 2,4-D ethyl-ester 1.0 kg/ha can be recommendede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2,4-D ethyl-ester 1.0 kg/ha can be recommended for effective brown manuring and eco-friendly weed management in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice co-cultured with dhaincha and sodium salt was the next best treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- rice co-culture with dhaincha and applied with 2,4-D sodium salt 1.0 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- dhainchae0other
- Outcome
- next best treatmente0
- Setting
- deltaic coastal ecosysteme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The next best treatment was rice co-culture with dhaincha and applied with 2,4-D sodium salt 1.0 kg/ha in wet seeded rice of deltaic coastal ecosystem”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
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- no effect
- no effect
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See all 49 papers →2,4-D · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
- negative
- no effect
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See all 62 papers →2,4-D · Carex · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
ethyl ester · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
ethyl ester · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.