Abstract
The effectiveness of some biocontrol agents (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride) and organic acids (acetic acid and boric acid) against soft rot bacteria Pectobacterium sp. were studied under laboratory and field conditions. Two soft rot bacterial isolates Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Pcc and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Pcc160 (Acc. No. LN811442) were used in this study. Pcc isolate was isolated from Potato tuber (Burn variety), Pcc and Pcc160 isolates caused soft rot symptoms of potato. PCR was used to identify the Pcc isolate molecularly using universal primers for 16S rRNA. The PCR products' DNA sequence, BLAST analysis, and Genbank data revealed that the Pcc isolate belonged to Pectobacterium carotovorum sub sp. carotovorum. According to the phylogenetic tree based on the DNA nucleotide sequences of the 16s rRNA gene, the Egyptian isolate resembles the Chinese isolate (OQ727369) closely. In vitro acetic acid showed the strongest effect against Pcc and Pcc160 isolates with inhibition zones 41.33 and 33.67 mm and MIC 50 and 100 μg/mL respectively. Scanning electron microscope showed distinct inhibitory effect of acetic acid and T.viride on the growth and survival of P.c. subsp. carotovorum (Pcc). In vivo experiment T. viride treatment was the most effective, where it caused a reduction of disease severity index (DSI). Acetic acid and T. viride were evaluated for their efficacy in inducing defense enzymes, total soluble protein, phenols and salicylic acid (SA) content in potato against P. c. subsp. carotovorum (Pcc). The activity of defense enzymes [peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)], total soluble protein content, polyphenols content and salicylic acid (SA) content were found to be increased in T. viride treated potato plants in both seasons compared to other treatments. The results of this study demonstrate that T. viride showed effective inhibitory activity against Pcc, thus T. viride could have potential application in controlling P. c. subsp. carotovorum.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Both bacterial isolates caused potato soft rot.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Interactor
- Pcc and Pcc160 isolatese0pathogen
- Outcome
- soft rot symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pcc and Pcc160 isolates caused soft rot symptoms of potato.”
Claim · model-written summary
The Pcc isolate was identified as Pectobacterium carotovorum.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- Pectobacterium carotovorum sub sp. carotovorum
Pectobacterium carotovorume0pathogen - Outcome
- Pectobacterium carotovorum sub sp. carotovorume0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Pcc isolate belonged to Pectobacterium carotovorum sub sp. carotovorum.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
The Egyptian isolate closely resembled the Chinese isolate.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- Egyptian isolatee0
- Comparator
- Chinese isolatee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Egyptian isolate resembles the Chinese isolate (OQ727369) closely.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetic acid gave a 41.33 mm inhibition zone against Pcc.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- acetic acide0
- Interactor
- Pcce0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibition zonese0
- Direction
- strongeste0
- Value
- 41.33e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acetic acid showed the strongest effect against Pcc and Pcc160 isolates with inhibition zones 41.33 and 33.67 mm and MIC 50 and 100 μg/mL respectively.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetic acid gave a 33.67 mm inhibition zone against Pcc160.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- acetic acide0
- Interactor
- Pcc160e0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibition zonese0
- Direction
- strongeste0
- Value
- 33.67 mme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acetic acid showed the strongest effect against Pcc and Pcc160 isolates with inhibition zones 41.33 and 33.67 mm and MIC 50 and 100 μg/mL respectively.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetic acid had an MIC of 50 μg/mL against Pcc.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorumPectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorumt0pathogene0
- Outcome
- MICe0
- Value
- 50e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MIC 50 and 100 μg/mL respectively.”
t0“Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum) on potato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetic acid had an MIC of 100 μg/mL against Pcc160.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorumPectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorumt0pathogene0
- Outcome
- MICe0
- Value
- 100 μg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MIC 50 and 100 μg/mL respectively.”
t0“Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum) on potato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetic acid inhibited Pcc growth and survival.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- acetic acide0
- Interactor
- P.c. subsp. carotovorum (Pcc)e0pathogen
- Outcome
- growth and survival of P.c. subsp. carotovorum (Pcc)e0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“distinct inhibitory effect of acetic acid and T.viride on the growth and survival of P.c. subsp. carotovorum (Pcc).”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
T. viride inhibited Pcc growth and survival.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- T.viridee0
- Interactor
- P.c. subsp. carotovorum (Pcc)e0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T.viride
Trichoderma viridee0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- growth and survival of P.c. subsp. carotovorum (Pcc)e0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“distinct inhibitory effect of acetic acid and T.viride on the growth and survival of P.c. subsp. carotovorum (Pcc).”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
T. viride most effectively reduced disease severity.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- T. viride treatmente0
- Interactor
- Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorumPectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorumt0pathogene0
- Second interactor
- T. virideTrichoderma viridee0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severity index (DSI)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. viride treatment was the most effective, where it caused a reduction of disease severity index (DSI).”
t0“Bactericidal performance of some biotic and abiotic factors for controlling Soft-Rot bacteria (Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum) on potato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
T. viride increased potato defense enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- T. viridee0
- Interactor
- T. virideTrichoderma viridee0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- activity of defense enzymes [peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)]e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of defense enzymes [peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)], total soluble protein content, polyphenols content and salicylic acid (SA) content were found to be increased in T. viride treated potato plants in both seasons compared to other treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. viride increased potato soluble protein and polyphenol contents.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- T. viridee0
- Interactor
- T. virideTrichoderma viridee0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- total soluble protein content, polyphenols contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total soluble protein content, polyphenols content and salicylic acid (SA) content were found to be increased in T. viride treated potato plants in both seasons compared to other treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. viride increased potato salicylic acid content.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- T. viridee0
- Interactor
- T. virideTrichoderma viridee0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- salicylic acid (SA) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salicylic acid (SA) content were found to be increased in T. viride treated potato plants in both seasons compared to other treatments.”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma viride · growth · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Trichoderma viride · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Trichoderma viride · Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
acetic acid · growth · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.