Abstract
Abstract The potential adverse effects of glyphosate on glyphosate‐resistant (GR) crops are still a matter of controversy. The effects of glyphosate at recommended application rates (either a single application of 580 g ae ha −1 of glyphosate at stage V5 or a sequential application of 580 + 980 g ae ha −1 at stage V3 and V7, respectively) on growth, mineral content, and metabolic parameters of GR maize ( Zea mays ) were determined in greenhouse and field studies, each replicated in different years. No effects on any growth parameter (including grain yield), mineral content (leaf and grain), grain starch, crude protein, or total lipids were found. The only significant negative effect was a slight reduction in tyrosine content of leaf tissue with the sequential treatment, however, there was no increase in shikimic or quinic acids in leaf tissue with any treatment. In a separate greenhouse experiment, there was no sign of oxidative stress, as determined by levels of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content as well as superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase activities 4 and 8 days after treatment with 1080 g ha −1 glyphosate. In fact, there was a reduction of MDA in roots of glyphosate‐treated plants 4 DAT, indicating reduced oxidative stress. No aminomethylphosphonic acid, the primary degradation product of glyphosate, was found in either leaves or grain of treated plants, and no glyphosate was found in grain of treated plants from the field studies. All the results are consistent with there being no adverse effects of glyphosate on GR maize at recommended application rates.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended glyphosate rates had no effect on GR maize growth parameters, including grain yield.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No effects on any growth parameter (including grain yield), mineral content (leaf and grain), grain starch, crude protein, or total lipids were found.”
t0“Effects of glyphosate on glyphosate‐resistant maize growth and metabolic parameters in the greenhouse and field”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate had no effect on leaf or grain mineral content or grain starch, crude protein, and total lipids.
- Treatment
- glyphosatet0
- Outcome
- mineral content (leaf and grain), grain starch, crude protein, or total lipidse0
- Direction
- No effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No effects on any growth parameter (including grain yield), mineral content (leaf and grain), grain starch, crude protein, or total lipids were found.”
t0“Effects of glyphosate on glyphosate‐resistant maize growth and metabolic parameters in the greenhouse and field”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential glyphosate slightly reduced leaf tyrosine content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The only significant negative effect was a slight reduction in tyrosine content of leaf tissue with the sequential treatment”
t0“Effects of glyphosate on glyphosate‐resistant maize growth and metabolic parameters in the greenhouse and field”
Claim · model-written summary
No glyphosate treatment increased leaf shikimic or quinic acids.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no increase in shikimic or quinic acids in leaf tissue with any treatment”
t0“Effects of glyphosate on glyphosate‐resistant maize growth and metabolic parameters in the greenhouse and field”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate treatment showed no sign of oxidative stress by pigment, MDA and enzyme indicators.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no sign of oxidative stress, as determined by levels of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content as well as superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase activities 4 and 8 days after treatment with 1080 g ha −1 glyphosate”
t0“Effects of glyphosate on glyphosate‐resistant maize growth and metabolic parameters in the greenhouse and field”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate reduced root MDA at four days after treatment.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was a reduction of MDA in roots of glyphosate‐treated plants 4 DAT”
t0“Effects of glyphosate on glyphosate‐resistant maize growth and metabolic parameters in the greenhouse and field”
Claim · model-written summary
No aminomethylphosphonic acid was detected in treated leaves or grain.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No aminomethylphosphonic acid, the primary degradation product of glyphosate, was found in either leaves or grain of treated plants”
t0“Effects of glyphosate on glyphosate‐resistant maize growth and metabolic parameters in the greenhouse and field”
Claim · model-written summary
No glyphosate was detected in grain from treated field plants.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no glyphosate was found in grain of treated plants from the field studies”
t0“Effects of glyphosate on glyphosate‐resistant maize growth and metabolic parameters in the greenhouse and field”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
34 papers in the same direction as this paper · 42 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
73 papers more in this group
See all 77 papers →glyphosate · physiology: oxidative · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
glyphosate · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.