Abstract
The effects of autumn sowing and chemical, organic, and biological fertilizer sources were explored on yield components and physiological traits of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica Fisch. & C.A.Mey). The study was conducted as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in a field experiment in the 2017-2018 crop year. The fertilizer treatments included organic fertilizers (vermicompost, manure, and humic acid), biofertilizer (Thiobacillus mixed with sulfur), chemical fertilizer (macro NPK), and control (no fertilizer). The studied traits included seed yield per ha, harvest index, biological yield per ha, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, proline, and dissolved carbohydrate. The results of the comparison of the means revealed that the winter sowing outperformed the spring sowing evidently and increased traits like seed yield per ha, biological yield per ha, and harvest index significantly. The fertilization of the plants in both sowing seasons, especially in the winter sowing, increased seed yield per ha, biological yield per ha, and harvest index so that the vermicompost-fertilized winter-sown plants produced the highest seed yield per ha (0.91 g), whereas the application of manure was related to the highest harvest index in the winter sowing (27.9%). The highest biological yield (8797 kg ha-1) was related to the treatment of Thiobacillus of the winter-sown plants. Proline content was higher in the spring sowing plants, and the control treatment in the spring sowing had the highest proline content (0.120 mg g-1). Concerning dissolved carbohydrates, the spring sowing and the unfertilized plants had the highest content (20.3 mg g-1). On the other hand, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid were higher in the treatments of Thiobacillus and vermicompost, which resulted in achieving higher yields due to the increase in photosynthesis rate. According to the results, the winter sowing of the dragon’s head in the Azerbaijan region of Iran and the use of Thiobacillus and vermicompost could be recommended for obtaining plants with optimum quality parameters.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Winter sowing outperformed spring sowing, significantly increasing seed yield per ha, biological yield per ha and harvest index in Lallemantia iberica.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia iberica
Dracocephalum ibericume0 - Treatment
- winter sowinge2
- Outcome
- seed yield per ha, biological yield per ha, and harvest indexe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- spring sowinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of autumn sowing and chemical, organic, and biological fertilizer sources were explored on yield components and physiological traits of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica Fisch. & C.A.Mey)”
e2“the winter sowing outperformed the spring sowing evidently and increased traits like seed yield per ha, biological yield per ha, and harvest index significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost-fertilized winter-sown Lallemantia iberica plants produced the highest seed yield per ha, 0.91 g.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericume0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte3
- Outcome
- seed yield per hae3
- Value
- 0.91 ge3
- Qualifier
- higheste3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of autumn sowing and chemical, organic, and biological fertilizer sources were explored on yield components and physiological traits of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica Fisch. & C.A.Mey)”
e3“the vermicompost-fertilized winter-sown plants produced the highest seed yield per ha (0.91 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure was related to the highest harvest index, 27.9%, in winter-sown Lallemantia iberica.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericume0
- Treatment
- manuree4
- Outcome
- harvest indexe4
- Value
- 27.9%e4
- Qualifier
- in the winter sowinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of autumn sowing and chemical, organic, and biological fertilizer sources were explored on yield components and physiological traits of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica Fisch. & C.A.Mey)”
e4“the application of manure was related to the highest harvest index in the winter sowing (27.9%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiobacillus treatment of winter-sown Lallemantia iberica plants was related to the highest biological yield, 8797 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericume0
- Treatment
- Thiobacilluse5
- Outcome
- biological yielde5
- Value
- 8797 kg ha-1e5
- Qualifier
- winter-sown plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of autumn sowing and chemical, organic, and biological fertilizer sources were explored on yield components and physiological traits of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica Fisch. & C.A.Mey)”
e5“The highest biological yield (8797 kg ha-1) was related to the treatment of Thiobacillus of the winter-sown plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The control treatment in spring sowing had the highest proline content, 0.120 mg g-1, in Lallemantia iberica.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericume0
- Treatment
- control treatmente6
- Outcome
- proline contente6
- Value
- 0.120 mg g-1e6
- Qualifier
- spring sowinge6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of autumn sowing and chemical, organic, and biological fertilizer sources were explored on yield components and physiological traits of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica Fisch. & C.A.Mey)”
e6“Proline content was higher in the spring sowing plants, and the control treatment in the spring sowing had the highest proline content (0.120 mg g-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline content was higher in spring-sown Lallemantia iberica plants.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericume0
- Treatment
- spring sowinge6
- Outcome
- Proline contente6
- Direction
- highere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of autumn sowing and chemical, organic, and biological fertilizer sources were explored on yield components and physiological traits of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica Fisch. & C.A.Mey)”
e6“Proline content was higher in the spring sowing plants, and the control treatment in the spring sowing had the highest proline content (0.120 mg g-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Unfertilized spring-sown Lallemantia iberica plants had the highest dissolved carbohydrate content, 20.3 mg g-1.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericume0
- Treatment
- unfertilized plantse7
- Outcome
- dissolved carbohydratese7
- Value
- 20.3 mg g-1e7
- Qualifier
- spring sowinge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of autumn sowing and chemical, organic, and biological fertilizer sources were explored on yield components and physiological traits of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica Fisch. & C.A.Mey)”
e7“Concerning dissolved carbohydrates, the spring sowing and the unfertilized plants had the highest content (20.3 mg g-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid were higher in Lallemantia iberica under Thiobacillus and vermicompost treatments.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericume0
- Treatment
- Thiobacillus and vermicomposte7
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoide7
- Direction
- highere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of autumn sowing and chemical, organic, and biological fertilizer sources were explored on yield components and physiological traits of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica Fisch. & C.A.Mey)”
e7“chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid were higher in the treatments of Thiobacillus and vermicompost, which resulted in achieving higher yields due to the increase in photosynthesis rate”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher yields under Thiobacillus and vermicompost are attributed to an increase in photosynthesis rate in Lallemantia iberica.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericume0
- Outcome
- higher yieldse7
- Qualifier
- due to the increase in photosynthesis ratee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of autumn sowing and chemical, organic, and biological fertilizer sources were explored on yield components and physiological traits of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica Fisch. & C.A.Mey)”
e7“chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid were higher in the treatments of Thiobacillus and vermicompost, which resulted in achieving higher yields due to the increase in photosynthesis rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter sowing with Thiobacillus and vermicompost is recommended for obtaining dragon’s head plants with optimum quality parameters in the Azerbaijan region of Iran.
Verbatim
e7“the winter sowing of the dragon’s head in the Azerbaijan region of Iran and the use of Thiobacillus and vermicompost could be recommended for obtaining plants with optimum quality parameters”
The same questions in other papers
sowing time · yield · Dracocephalum ibericumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.