Abstract
Abstract Rhamnus prinoides (Gesho) is grown in the homesteads of farmers in western Amhara. The leaves, twigs, and stems of Gesho are indispensable ingredients in traditional beverages. Its production has recently suffered from cedar rust caused by the fungus Gymnosporangium. To manage this disease, different fungicides have been recommended. Therefore, this research was designed to determine the rate and frequency of the use of the Natura 250 EW system for managing this disease in Gesho during 2020. Five application rates of Natura 250 EW and three spray frequencies were used as treatments to manage the disease in infected Gesho plants via the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found between treatments for most parameters. Among these 0.75 litter ha-1 treatments, two spray applications resulted in the lowest severity and greatest relative efficacy, followed by three spray applications of 0.50 litter ha−1 at Bahir Dar Zuria district. However, at Yilmana Densa district, the lowest severity and greatest relative efficacy were found for the 0.75 litter ha−1 spray, followed by the 0.50 litter ha−1 spray, compared with the other treatments. Even though 0.75 litter ha−1 had greater relative efficacy and lower disease severity than the other treatments, there was no statistically significant difference between the three sprays of 0.50 litter ha−1 at both locations. Therefore, three sprays of Natura 250 EW at 0.50 litter ha−1 in 15-day intervals should be recommended and demonstrated for the management of cedar rust disease on Gesho.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments differed significantly for most measured parameters.
- Taxon
- Rhamnus prinoides
Rhamnus prinoidest0 - Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- most parameterse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found between treatments for most parameters.”
t0“Rhamnus prinoides”
Claim · model-written summary
Two applications of 0.75 litter ha-1 gave the lowest cedar rust severity at Bahir Dar Zuria.
- Taxon
- Geshot0
- Treatment
- 0.75 litter ha-1 treatments, two spray applicationse0
- Interactor
- Gymnosporangium
.jpg?width=60)
Gymnosporangiume1pathogen - Outcome
- severitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- three spray applications of 0.50 litter ha−1e0
- Setting
- Bahir Dar Zuria districte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Among these 0.75 litter ha-1 treatments, two spray applications resulted in the lowest severity and greatest relative efficacy, followed by three spray applications of 0.50 litter ha−1 at Bahir Dar Zuria district.”
t0“Gesho”
e1“cedar rust caused by the fungus Gymnosporangium”
Claim · model-written summary
Two applications of 0.75 litter ha-1 gave the greatest relative efficacy at Bahir Dar Zuria.
Verbatim
e0“Among these 0.75 litter ha-1 treatments, two spray applications resulted in the lowest severity and greatest relative efficacy, followed by three spray applications of 0.50 litter ha−1 at Bahir Dar Zuria district.”
t0“Gesho”
Claim · model-written summary
At Yilmana Densa, the 0.75 litter ha−1 spray had the lowest cedar rust severity.
Verbatim
e0“However, at Yilmana Densa district, the lowest severity and greatest relative efficacy were found for the 0.75 litter ha−1 spray, followed by the 0.50 litter ha−1 spray, compared with the other treatments.”
t0“Gesho”
Claim · model-written summary
At Yilmana Densa, the 0.75 litter ha−1 spray had the greatest relative efficacy.
Verbatim
e0“However, at Yilmana Densa district, the lowest severity and greatest relative efficacy were found for the 0.75 litter ha−1 spray, followed by the 0.50 litter ha−1 spray, compared with the other treatments.”
t0“Gesho”
Claim · model-written summary
The efficacy difference between 0.75 litter ha−1 and three sprays of 0.50 litter ha−1 was not statistically significant at both locations.
Verbatim
e0“Even though 0.75 litter ha−1 had greater relative efficacy and lower disease severity than the other treatments, there was no statistically significant difference between the three sprays of 0.50 litter ha−1 at both locations.”
t0“Gesho”
Claim · model-written summary
The severity difference between 0.75 litter ha−1 and three sprays of 0.50 litter ha−1 was not statistically significant at both locations.
Verbatim
e0“Even though 0.75 litter ha−1 had greater relative efficacy and lower disease severity than the other treatments, there was no statistically significant difference between the three sprays of 0.50 litter ha−1 at both locations.”
t0“Gesho”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend three Natura 250 EW sprays at 0.50 litter ha−1 spaced 15 days apart to manage cedar rust on Gesho.
Verbatim
e0“Therefore, three sprays of Natura 250 EW at 0.50 litter ha−1 in 15-day intervals should be recommended and demonstrated for the management of cedar rust disease on Gesho.”