Abstract
Salt stress is a key environmental factor altering rice plant growth. Strigolactones (GR24) play a vital role in responding to various abiotic stresses and regulating plant growth. However, the regulatory mechanisms of SLs on rice seedlings under salt stress have not yet been clarified. A pot experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effects of GR24 soaking on the rice variety ‘Huanghuazhan’ (salt-sensitive) seedling growth, antioxidant metabolism, and endogenous hormones under NaCl stress. Results showed that NaCl stress significantly inhibited rice growth; disrupted antioxidant enzymes activity; and increased the content of soluble proteins (SPs), proline (Pro), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen–peroxide (H2O2). GR24 significantly improved photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant–enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate–peroxidase (APX); increased SP, ascorbic acid (AsA); and reduced glutathione (GSH) content and MDA, H2O2, and Pro content, resulting in the mitigation of oxidative injury caused by NaCl stress. Moreover, GR24 significantly increased the content of strigolactones (SLs), cytokinin (CTK), auxin (IAA), Gibberellin A3 (GA3), and IAA/ABA and CTK/ABA ratios and decreased the abscisic acid (ABA). Findings indicated that GR24 alleviated oxidative damage caused by NaCl stress by increasing photosynthetic and antioxidant capacity and maintaining the balance of endogenous hormones, thus improving the salt tolerance of rice seedlings.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress inhibited rice growth.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- rice growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“Results showed that NaCl stress significantly inhibited rice growth; disrupted antioxidant enzymes activity; and increased the content of soluble proteins (SPs), proline (Pro), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen–peroxide (H2O2).”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress disrupted antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes activitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“Results showed that NaCl stress significantly inhibited rice growth; disrupted antioxidant enzymes activity; and increased the content of soluble proteins (SPs), proline (Pro), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen–peroxide (H2O2).”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress increased soluble proteins (SPs) content.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- soluble proteins (SPs)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“Results showed that NaCl stress significantly inhibited rice growth; disrupted antioxidant enzymes activity; and increased the content of soluble proteins (SPs), proline (Pro), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen–peroxide (H2O2).”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress increased proline (Pro) content.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- proline (Pro)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“Results showed that NaCl stress significantly inhibited rice growth; disrupted antioxidant enzymes activity; and increased the content of soluble proteins (SPs), proline (Pro), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen–peroxide (H2O2).”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“Results showed that NaCl stress significantly inhibited rice growth; disrupted antioxidant enzymes activity; and increased the content of soluble proteins (SPs), proline (Pro), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen–peroxide (H2O2).”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress increased hydrogen–peroxide (H2O2) content.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen–peroxide (H2O2)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“Results showed that NaCl stress significantly inhibited rice growth; disrupted antioxidant enzymes activity; and increased the content of soluble proteins (SPs), proline (Pro), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen–peroxide (H2O2).”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 improved photosynthetic pigments under NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GR24e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- NaCl stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“GR24 significantly improved photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant–enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate–peroxidase (APX); increased SP, ascorbic acid (AsA); and reduced glutathione (GSH) content and MDA, H2O2, and Pro content, resulting in the mitigation of oxidative injury caused by NaCl stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 improved superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) under NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GR24e0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- NaCl stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“GR24 significantly improved photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant–enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate–peroxidase (APX); increased SP, ascorbic acid (AsA); and reduced glutathione (GSH) content and MDA, H2O2, and Pro content, resulting in the mitigation of oxidative injury caused by NaCl stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 improved ascorbate–peroxidase (APX) under NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GR24e0
- Outcome
- ascorbate–peroxidase (APX)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- NaCl stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“GR24 significantly improved photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant–enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate–peroxidase (APX); increased SP, ascorbic acid (AsA); and reduced glutathione (GSH) content and MDA, H2O2, and Pro content, resulting in the mitigation of oxidative injury caused by NaCl stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 increased SP under NaCl stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“GR24 significantly improved photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant–enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate–peroxidase (APX); increased SP, ascorbic acid (AsA); and reduced glutathione (GSH) content and MDA, H2O2, and Pro content, resulting in the mitigation of oxidative injury caused by NaCl stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 increased ascorbic acid (AsA) under NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GR24e0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid (AsA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- NaCl stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“GR24 significantly improved photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant–enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate–peroxidase (APX); increased SP, ascorbic acid (AsA); and reduced glutathione (GSH) content and MDA, H2O2, and Pro content, resulting in the mitigation of oxidative injury caused by NaCl stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 reduced glutathione (GSH) content under NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GR24e0
- Outcome
- glutathione (GSH) contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- NaCl stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“GR24 significantly improved photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant–enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate–peroxidase (APX); increased SP, ascorbic acid (AsA); and reduced glutathione (GSH) content and MDA, H2O2, and Pro content, resulting in the mitigation of oxidative injury caused by NaCl stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 reduced MDA under NaCl stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“GR24 significantly improved photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant–enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate–peroxidase (APX); increased SP, ascorbic acid (AsA); and reduced glutathione (GSH) content and MDA, H2O2, and Pro content, resulting in the mitigation of oxidative injury caused by NaCl stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 reduced H2O2 under NaCl stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“GR24 significantly improved photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant–enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate–peroxidase (APX); increased SP, ascorbic acid (AsA); and reduced glutathione (GSH) content and MDA, H2O2, and Pro content, resulting in the mitigation of oxidative injury caused by NaCl stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 reduced Pro content under NaCl stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“GR24 significantly improved photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant–enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate–peroxidase (APX); increased SP, ascorbic acid (AsA); and reduced glutathione (GSH) content and MDA, H2O2, and Pro content, resulting in the mitigation of oxidative injury caused by NaCl stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 increased strigolactones, cytokinin and auxin content.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GR24e0
- Outcome
- strigolactones (SLs), cytokinin (CTK), auxin (IAA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“Moreover, GR24 significantly increased the content of strigolactones (SLs), cytokinin (CTK), auxin (IAA), Gibberellin A3 (GA3), and IAA/ABA and CTK/ABA ratios and decreased the abscisic acid (ABA).”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 increased gibberellin A3 content.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GR24e0
- Outcome
- Gibberellin A3 (GA3)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“Moreover, GR24 significantly increased the content of strigolactones (SLs), cytokinin (CTK), auxin (IAA), Gibberellin A3 (GA3), and IAA/ABA and CTK/ABA ratios and decreased the abscisic acid (ABA).”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 increased IAA/ABA and CTK/ABA ratios.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GR24e0
- Outcome
- IAA/ABA and CTK/ABA ratiose0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“Moreover, GR24 significantly increased the content of strigolactones (SLs), cytokinin (CTK), auxin (IAA), Gibberellin A3 (GA3), and IAA/ABA and CTK/ABA ratios and decreased the abscisic acid (ABA).”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 decreased abscisic acid.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GR24e0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“Moreover, GR24 significantly increased the content of strigolactones (SLs), cytokinin (CTK), auxin (IAA), Gibberellin A3 (GA3), and IAA/ABA and CTK/ABA ratios and decreased the abscisic acid (ABA).”
Claim · model-written summary
GR24 mitigated NaCl oxidative injury and improved rice seedling salt tolerance through photosynthetic and antioxidant capacity and hormone balance.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GR24e0
- Outcome
- salt tolerance of rice seedlingse0
- Qualifier
- increasing photosynthetic and antioxidant capacity and maintaining the balance of endogenous hormonese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“Findings indicated that GR24 alleviated oxidative damage caused by NaCl stress by increasing photosynthetic and antioxidant capacity and maintaining the balance of endogenous hormones, thus improving the salt tolerance of rice seedlings.”
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