Abstract
Abiotic stress caused by soil salinization remains a major global challenge that threatens and severely impacts crop growth, causing yield reduction worldwide. In this study, we aim to investigate the damage of salt stress on the leaf physiology of two varieties of rice (Huanghuazhan, HHZ, and Xiangliangyou900, XLY900) and the regulatory mechanism of Hemin to maintain seedling growth under the imposed stress. Rice leaves were sprayed with 5.0 μmol·L −1 Hemin or 25.0 μmol·L −1 ZnPP (Zinc protoporphyrin IX) at the three leaf and one heart stage, followed by an imposed salt stress treatment regime (50.0 mmol·L −1 sodium chloride (NaCl)). The findings revealed that NaCl stress increased antioxidant enzymes activities and decreased the content of nonenzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, the content of osmoregulatory substances like soluble proteins and proline was raised. Moreover, salt stress increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in the leaves of the two varieties. However, spraying with Hemin increased the activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) and accelerated AsA-GSH cycling to remove excess ROS. In summary, Hemin reduced the effect of salt stress on the physiological characteristics of rice leaves due to improved antioxidant defense mechanisms that impeded lipid peroxidation. Thus, Hemin was demonstrated to lessen the damage caused by salt stress.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress increased rice antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings revealed that NaCl stress increased antioxidant enzymes activities and decreased the content of nonenzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH).”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress lowered rice ascorbate and glutathione content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress increased antioxidant enzymes activities and decreased the content of nonenzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH).”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress raised soluble protein and proline content in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- soluble proteins and prolinee0
- Direction
- raisede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, the content of osmoregulatory substances like soluble proteins and proline was raised.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased reactive oxygen species in leaves of both rice varieties.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, salt stress increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in the leaves of the two varieties.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Hemin spraying increased SOD, POD and CAT activities in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- spraying with Hemine0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, spraying with Hemin increased the activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Hemin spraying accelerated the AsA-GSH cycle and removed excess ROS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- spraying with Hemine0
- Outcome
- AsA-GSH cyclinge0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spraying with Hemin increased the activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) and accelerated AsA-GSH cycling to remove excess ROS.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude Hemin lessened salt damage to rice leaves via antioxidant defense and reduced lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Hemine0
- Outcome
- damage caused by salt stresse0
- Direction
- lessene0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hemin reduced the effect of salt stress on the physiological characteristics of rice leaves due to improved antioxidant defense mechanisms that impeded lipid peroxidation. Thus, Hemin was demonstrated to lessen the damage caused by salt stress.”
t0“rice”
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