Abstract
Pretreatment strategies are used to enhance crop growth and yield in sandy soils. This study aims to investigate the effects of glycine betaine (GB) as a grain priming agent on growth parameters, yield components, and metabolic changes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at various concentrations: 0.0, 5, 10, and 20 mM. The application of glycine betaine resulted in a significant enhancement in the growth and yield of barley. Conspicuously, a concentration of 10 mM GB significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars, phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and amino acids were markedly elevated at 20 mM GB, while levels of proline and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were reduced. Additionally, the protein profile exhibited GB-responsive patterns that varied with concentration. The enhanced antioxidant capacity, modified protein profiles, and biochemical constituents of barley underscore the effectiveness of osmo-priming with glycine betaine in promoting growth, metabolic activities, and yield parameters in barley plants cultivated in sandy soil.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine significantly enhanced barley growth and yield.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- glycine betainee0
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The application of glycine betaine resulted in a significant enhancement in the growth and yield of barley”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 mM, GB significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 10 mM GBe0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a concentration of 10 mM GB significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes”
t0“Glycine betaine improves growth, antioxidants, and yield of barley plants grown in sandy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
At 20 mM GB, chlorophyll, soluble sugars and phenolic compounds increased.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 20 mM GBe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars, phenolic compoundse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars, phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and amino acids were markedly elevated at 20 mM GB”
t0“Glycine betaine improves growth, antioxidants, and yield of barley plants grown in sandy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
At 20 mM GB, total flavonoids and amino acids increased.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 20 mM GBe0
- Outcome
- total flavonoids, and amino acidse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars, phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and amino acids were markedly elevated at 20 mM GB”
t0“Glycine betaine improves growth, antioxidants, and yield of barley plants grown in sandy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline and hydrogen peroxide levels declined under GB.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- glycine betainet0
- Outcome
- levels of proline and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“levels of proline and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were reduced”
t0“Glycine betaine improves growth, antioxidants, and yield of barley plants grown in sandy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The protein profile showed concentration-dependent responses to GB.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- protein profile exhibited GB-responsive patternse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the protein profile exhibited GB-responsive patterns that varied with concentration”
t0“Glycine betaine improves growth, antioxidants, and yield of barley plants grown in sandy soil”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.