Abstract
Abstract Lead (Pb) toxicity is a major problem in agricultural soil that negatively affects plant growth and development. Glycine betaine (GB) is an effective compatible solute that resists abiotic stress and plays an important role to mitigate various stresses. The present study is the first of its kind on the application of GB to mitigate Pb toxicity on barley cultivars. To elucidate the role of GB in mitigating Pb toxicity of three concentrations (15 mM, 25 mM, and 35 mM) in two barley varieties (BH-959 and BH-946) with and without foliar application of GB (2 mM) was examined. The study found that increasing Pb concentration significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced the level of primary metabolites viz. photosynthetic pigments, protein, and carbohydrates in both cultivars upto 42.4%, 38.4% and 39% respectively. However malondialdehyde content, proline content, and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, and POX) were found to increased significantly ( p < 0.05) as compared to control treatment upto 83.4%, 83.2% and 51% respectively. In contrast, the application of GB led to significantly ( p < 0.05) improved physio-biochemical parameters as well as antioxidant enzyme activity (53%) and reduced oxidative stress along with malondialdehyde content (14.42%) in both varieties. An increment in these parameters revealed that exogenous application of GB (2 mM) significantly improves Pb (up to 35 mM) toxicity in barley plants and its use may be beneficial for crops susceptible to Pb toxicity to improve growth and yield.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing lead reduced photosynthetic pigments up to 42.4%.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- increasing Pb concentratione0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 42.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“increasing Pb concentration significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced the level of primary metabolites viz. photosynthetic pigments, protein, and carbohydrates in both cultivars upto 42.4%, 38.4% and 39% respectively”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing lead reduced protein up to 38.4%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- increasing Pb concentratione0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 38.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing Pb concentration significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced the level of primary metabolites viz. photosynthetic pigments, protein, and carbohydrates in both cultivars upto 42.4%, 38.4% and 39% respectively”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing lead reduced carbohydrates up to 39%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- increasing Pb concentratione0
- Outcome
- carbohydratese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 39%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing Pb concentration significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced the level of primary metabolites viz. photosynthetic pigments, protein, and carbohydrates in both cultivars upto 42.4%, 38.4% and 39% respectively”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead increased malondialdehyde content up to 83.4% versus control.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Pb concentratione1
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 83.4%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“malondialdehyde content, proline content, and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, and POX) were found to increased significantly ( p < 0.05) as compared to control treatment upto 83.4%, 83.2% and 51% respectively”
t0“barley plants”
e1“increasing Pb concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead increased proline content up to 83.2% versus control.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Pb concentratione1
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 83.2%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“malondialdehyde content, proline content, and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, and POX) were found to increased significantly ( p < 0.05) as compared to control treatment upto 83.4%, 83.2% and 51% respectively”
t0“barley plants”
e1“increasing Pb concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead increased SOD, CAT and POX antioxidant enzyme activity up to 51% versus control.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Pb concentratione1
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, and POX)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 51%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“malondialdehyde content, proline content, and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, and POX) were found to increased significantly ( p < 0.05) as compared to control treatment upto 83.4%, 83.2% and 51% respectively”
t0“barley plants”
e1“increasing Pb concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar GB improved antioxidant enzyme activity by 53% in both varieties.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- application of GBe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 53%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of GB led to significantly ( p < 0.05) improved physio-biochemical parameters as well as antioxidant enzyme activity (53%) and reduced oxidative stress along with malondialdehyde content (14.42%) in both varieties”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar GB reduced malondialdehyde content by 14.42% in both varieties.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- application of GBe0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 14.42%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of GB led to significantly ( p < 0.05) improved physio-biochemical parameters as well as antioxidant enzyme activity (53%) and reduced oxidative stress along with malondialdehyde content (14.42%) in both varieties”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar GB improved physio biochemical parameters in both varieties.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- application of GBe0
- Outcome
- physio-biochemical parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of GB led to significantly ( p < 0.05) improved physio-biochemical parameters as well as antioxidant enzyme activity (53%) and reduced oxidative stress along with malondialdehyde content (14.42%) in both varieties”
t0“barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar GB reduced oxidative stress in both varieties.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- application of GBe0
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of GB led to significantly ( p < 0.05) improved physio-biochemical parameters as well as antioxidant enzyme activity (53%) and reduced oxidative stress along with malondialdehyde content (14.42%) in both varieties”
t0“barley plants”
The same questions in other papers
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lead atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
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1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →lead atom · physiology: oxidative · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
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2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.