Abstract
The accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in plants poses a major risk to consumer health, in addition to affecting plant growth, development and quality. The study aimed to examine the effects of cadmium on the plants' ability for photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity. In this study, radishes were planted in Petri dishes and pots containing soil supplemented with different concentrations of cadmium sulphate (25, 50, and 100 mg Cd kg-1 soil). The results showed that the percentage of germination, seedlings length, and fresh and dry matter significantly declined its increasing cadmium concentrations. In addition, cadmium hindered plant growth, as evidenced by the fresh and dried weight of radish roots and leaves after a 100 mg Cd kg-1 soil treatment. There was also a notable decrease in chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and total leaf area per plant. The leaves of radish plant exhibited a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage contents under Cd stress, while, the relative water content (RWC) decreased. However, leaves and roots of radish plant showed a considerable increase in antioxidant enzymes (catalase; CAT, peroxidase; POD, and superoxide dismutase; SOD). Furthermore, radish showed a significant increase in Cd accumulation in all applications, however, there were no obvious symptoms of Cd toxicity following the 25 and 50 mg Cd kg-1 soil applications. In conclusion, the radish plants accumulated cadmium at higher concentrations (100 mg Cd kg-1 soil). So, we recommended cultivating the radish plants in soil that has low concentrations of cadmium.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Higher cadmium concentrations significantly reduced radish germination.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativust0 - Treatment
- increasing cadmium concentrationse0
- Outcome
- percentage of germinatione0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the percentage of germination, seedlings length, and fresh and dry matter significantly declined its increasing cadmium concentrations.”
t0“radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher cadmium concentrations significantly reduced radish seedling length.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- increasing cadmium concentrationse0
- Outcome
- seedlings lengthe0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the percentage of germination, seedlings length, and fresh and dry matter significantly declined its increasing cadmium concentrations.”
t0“radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher cadmium concentrations significantly reduced radish fresh and dry matter.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- increasing cadmium concentrationse0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry mattere0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the percentage of germination, seedlings length, and fresh and dry matter significantly declined its increasing cadmium concentrations.”
t0“radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium at 100 mg Cd kg-1 soil hindered fresh and dry weight of radish roots and leaves.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- 100 mg Cd kg-1 soil treatmente0
- Outcome
- fresh and dried weight of radish roots and leavese0
- Direction
- hinderede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cadmium hindered plant growth, as evidenced by the fresh and dried weight of radish roots and leaves after a 100 mg Cd kg-1 soil treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium decreased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in radish.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- cadmiumt1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was also a notable decrease in chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and total leaf area per plant.”
t0“radish”
t1“cadmium”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium decreased total leaf area per radish plant.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- cadmiumt1
- Outcome
- total leaf area per plante0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was also a notable decrease in chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and total leaf area per plant.”
t0“radish”
t1“cadmium”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress significantly increased lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage in radish leaves.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage contentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaves of radish plant exhibited a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage contents under Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress decreased relative water content in radish leaves.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- cadmiumt1
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while, the relative water content (RWC) decreased.”
t0“radish”
t1“cadmium”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress increased catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in radish leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- cadmiumt0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes (catalase; CAT, peroxidase; POD, and superoxide dismutase; SOD)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaves and roots of radish plant showed a considerable increase in antioxidant enzymes (catalase; CAT, peroxidase; POD, and superoxide dismutase; SOD).”
t0“cadmium”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium accumulated significantly in radish across all applications.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- all applicationse0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“radish showed a significant increase in Cd accumulation in all applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Radish showed no obvious cadmium toxicity symptoms at 25 and 50 mg Cd kg-1 soil.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- 25 and 50 mg Cd kg-1 soil applicationse0
- Outcome
- no obvious symptoms of Cd toxicitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no obvious symptoms of Cd toxicity following the 25 and 50 mg Cd kg-1 soil applications.”
t0“radish”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend cultivating radish in soils with low cadmium concentrations.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Outcome
- cultivating the radish plants in soil that has low concentrations of cadmiume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we recommended cultivating the radish plants in soil that has low concentrations of cadmium.”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.