Abstract
A field experiment entitled “Effect of foliar application of major plant nutrients on growth of rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)” was conducted during the rabi season of 2023-24 at the experimental farm of Sorghum Research Station, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, with a view to find out the effect of foliar application of major plant nutrients on growth and yield of rabi sorghum and work out the economics of different treatments. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatments in three replications each viz., T1: RDF (40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1), T2: RDF + Nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water spray at panicle initiation stage, T3: RDF + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage, T4: RDF + 2% spray of KCL at panicle initiation stage, T5:RDF + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage, T6: RDF + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water + 2% spray of KCL at panicle initiation stage and T7: Control. The result of the experiment revealed that soil application of 40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1 (RDF) + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T5) recorded significantly higher grain yield plant-1 (28.94 g), number of grains earhead-1 (1120), grain yield (2486 kg ha-1), fodder yield (7052 kg ha-1), biological yield (9538 kg ha-1), gross monetary returns (114318` ha-1), net monetary returns (78989` ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.24 ` ha-1), however, it was comparable with RDF + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water at panicle initiation stage + 2% spray of KCL at panicle initiation stage (T6), RDF + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T3) and RDF + 2% spray of KCL at panicle initiation stage (T4). Test weight (g) and harvest index of Rabi sorghum were not influenced by foliar application of major nutrients.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment T5 gave significantly higher grain yield plant-1 (28.94 g).
- Treatment
- soil application of 40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1 (RDF) + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T5)e0
- Outcome
- grain yield plant-1e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 28.94 ge0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil application of 40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1 (RDF) + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T5) recorded significantly higher grain yield plant-1 (28.94 g), number of grains earhead-1 (1120), grain yield (2486 kg ha-1), fodder yield (7052 kg ha-1), biological yield (9538 kg ha-1), gross monetary returns (114318` ha-1), net monetary returns (78989` ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.24 ` ha-1)”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment T5 gave significantly higher number of grains earhead-1 (1120).
- Treatment
- soil application of 40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1 (RDF) + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T5)e0
- Outcome
- number of grains earhead-1e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1120e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil application of 40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1 (RDF) + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T5) recorded significantly higher grain yield plant-1 (28.94 g), number of grains earhead-1 (1120), grain yield (2486 kg ha-1), fodder yield (7052 kg ha-1), biological yield (9538 kg ha-1), gross monetary returns (114318` ha-1), net monetary returns (78989` ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.24 ` ha-1)”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment T5 gave significantly higher grain yield (2486 kg ha-1).
- Treatment
- soil application of 40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1 (RDF) + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T5)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2486 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil application of 40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1 (RDF) + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T5) recorded significantly higher grain yield plant-1 (28.94 g), number of grains earhead-1 (1120), grain yield (2486 kg ha-1), fodder yield (7052 kg ha-1), biological yield (9538 kg ha-1), gross monetary returns (114318` ha-1), net monetary returns (78989` ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.24 ` ha-1)”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment T5 gave significantly higher fodder yield (7052 kg ha-1).
- Treatment
- soil application of 40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1 (RDF) + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T5)e0
- Outcome
- fodder yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 7052 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil application of 40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1 (RDF) + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T5) recorded significantly higher grain yield plant-1 (28.94 g), number of grains earhead-1 (1120), grain yield (2486 kg ha-1), fodder yield (7052 kg ha-1), biological yield (9538 kg ha-1), gross monetary returns (114318` ha-1), net monetary returns (78989` ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.24 ` ha-1)”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment T5 gave significantly higher biological yield (9538 kg ha-1).
- Treatment
- soil application of 40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1 (RDF) + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T5)e0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 9538 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil application of 40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1 (RDF) + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T5) recorded significantly higher grain yield plant-1 (28.94 g), number of grains earhead-1 (1120), grain yield (2486 kg ha-1), fodder yield (7052 kg ha-1), biological yield (9538 kg ha-1), gross monetary returns (114318` ha-1), net monetary returns (78989` ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.24 ` ha-1)”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment T5 gave significantly higher gross monetary returns (114318` ha-1).
- Treatment
- soil application of 40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1 (RDF) + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T5)e0
- Outcome
- gross monetary returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 114318` ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil application of 40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1 (RDF) + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T5) recorded significantly higher grain yield plant-1 (28.94 g), number of grains earhead-1 (1120), grain yield (2486 kg ha-1), fodder yield (7052 kg ha-1), biological yield (9538 kg ha-1), gross monetary returns (114318` ha-1), net monetary returns (78989` ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.24 ` ha-1)”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment T5 gave significantly higher net monetary returns (78989` ha-1).
- Treatment
- soil application of 40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1 (RDF) + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T5)e0
- Outcome
- net monetary returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 78989` ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil application of 40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1 (RDF) + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T5) recorded significantly higher grain yield plant-1 (28.94 g), number of grains earhead-1 (1120), grain yield (2486 kg ha-1), fodder yield (7052 kg ha-1), biological yield (9538 kg ha-1), gross monetary returns (114318` ha-1), net monetary returns (78989` ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.24 ` ha-1)”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment T5 gave significantly higher B:C ratio (3.24 ` ha-1).
- Treatment
- soil application of 40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1 (RDF) + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T5)e0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.24 ` ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil application of 40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1 (RDF) + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T5) recorded significantly higher grain yield plant-1 (28.94 g), number of grains earhead-1 (1120), grain yield (2486 kg ha-1), fodder yield (7052 kg ha-1), biological yield (9538 kg ha-1), gross monetary returns (114318` ha-1), net monetary returns (78989` ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.24 ` ha-1)”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 performance was comparable with T6, T3 and T4.
- Outcome
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- RDF + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water at panicle initiation stage + 2% spray of KCL at panicle initiation stage (T6), RDF + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T3) and RDF + 2% spray of KCL at panicle initiation stage (T4)e0
Not reportedMaterial
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was comparable with RDF + spray of nano urea @ 4 ml liter-1 of water at panicle initiation stage + 2% spray of KCL at panicle initiation stage (T6), RDF + 2% spray of DAP at panicle initiation stage (T3) and RDF + 2% spray of KCL at panicle initiation stage (T4)”
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nutrient application did not influence sorghum test weight or harvest index.
- Treatment
- foliar application of major nutrientse0
- Outcome
- Test weight (g) and harvest indexe0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Test weight (g) and harvest index of Rabi sorghum were not influenced by foliar application of major nutrients”
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