Abstract
Medicinal plants contain bioactive substances that are highly bioavailable in extracts or pure molecules, making them promising for therapeutic applications and precursors for chemo-pharmaceutical semi-synthesis. Harpagophytum procumbens (Devil’s Claw) is widely recognized as one of the most potent therapeutic herbs. This study aimed to extract seeds from H. procumbens using two types of solvents and to assess both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the extracts. The two extracts were evaluated for antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities using agar well diffusion assays against four bacterial isolates and two yeast isolates. Qualitative analysis identified the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. The active components detected were: alkaloids (12.69%), flavonoids (3.25%), total phenolic compounds (24.58%), total terpenoids (8.55%), and total steroids (1.25% for methanolic and 4.55% for petroleum ether). Both methanolic and petroleum ether extracts exhibited antioxidant activities of approximately 85.33% and 74.19%, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid, which had an antioxidant effect of 67.99% at a concentration of 200 µg/ml. The extracts demonstrated a broad spectrum of activity against all tested bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes) and fungi (Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis). At a concentration of 1000 µg/ml, the seed extracts showed the highest bactericidal activity, with inhibition zones ranging from 10 to 22 mm. Moreover, both extracts exhibited greater anti-biofilm activity at 1000 µg/ml compared to lower concentrations. Our study found that seed extracts of H. procumbens possess significant antibacterial and antioxidant activities, particularly at a concentration of 1000 µg/ml.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Seed extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins.
- Taxon
- Harpagophytum procumbens
Harpagophytum procumbenst0 - Organ / stage
- seedst0
- Outcome
- alkaloids, flavonoids, tanninse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Qualitative analysis identified the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids.”
t0“In vitro investigation of phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Harpagophytum procumbens seeds extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed extracts contained saponins and terpenoids.
- Taxon
- Harpagophytum procumbensHarpagophytum procumbenst0
- Organ / stage
- seedst0
- Outcome
- saponins, and terpenoidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Qualitative analysis identified the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids.”
t0“In vitro investigation of phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Harpagophytum procumbens seeds extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
The extract contained 12.69% alkaloids.
- Taxon
- Harpagophytum procumbensHarpagophytum procumbenst0
- Organ / stage
- seedst0
- Outcome
- alkaloidse0
- Value
- 12.69%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The active components detected were: alkaloids (12.69%), flavonoids (3.25%), total phenolic compounds (24.58%), total terpenoids (8.55%), and total steroids (1.25% for methanolic and 4.55% for petroleum ether).”
t0“In vitro investigation of phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Harpagophytum procumbens seeds extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
The extract contained 3.25% flavonoids.
- Taxon
- Harpagophytum procumbensHarpagophytum procumbenst0
- Organ / stage
- seedst0
- Outcome
- flavonoidse0
- Value
- 3.25%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The active components detected were: alkaloids (12.69%), flavonoids (3.25%), total phenolic compounds (24.58%), total terpenoids (8.55%), and total steroids (1.25% for methanolic and 4.55% for petroleum ether).”
t0“In vitro investigation of phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Harpagophytum procumbens seeds extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
The extract contained 24.58% total phenolic compounds.
- Taxon
- Harpagophytum procumbensHarpagophytum procumbenst0
- Organ / stage
- seedst0
- Outcome
- total phenolic compoundse0
- Value
- 24.58%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The active components detected were: alkaloids (12.69%), flavonoids (3.25%), total phenolic compounds (24.58%), total terpenoids (8.55%), and total steroids (1.25% for methanolic and 4.55% for petroleum ether).”
t0“In vitro investigation of phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Harpagophytum procumbens seeds extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
The extract contained 8.55% total terpenoids.
- Taxon
- Harpagophytum procumbensHarpagophytum procumbenst0
- Organ / stage
- seedst0
- Outcome
- total terpenoidse0
- Value
- 8.55%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The active components detected were: alkaloids (12.69%), flavonoids (3.25%), total phenolic compounds (24.58%), total terpenoids (8.55%), and total steroids (1.25% for methanolic and 4.55% for petroleum ether).”
t0“In vitro investigation of phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Harpagophytum procumbens seeds extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
The methanolic extract contained 1.25% total steroids.
- Taxon
- Harpagophytum procumbensHarpagophytum procumbenst0
- Organ / stage
- seedst0
- Treatment
- methanolice0
- Outcome
- total steroidse0
- Value
- 1.25%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The active components detected were: alkaloids (12.69%), flavonoids (3.25%), total phenolic compounds (24.58%), total terpenoids (8.55%), and total steroids (1.25% for methanolic and 4.55% for petroleum ether).”
t0“In vitro investigation of phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Harpagophytum procumbens seeds extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
The petroleum ether extract contained 4.55% total steroids.
- Taxon
- Harpagophytum procumbensHarpagophytum procumbenst0
- Organ / stage
- seedst0
- Treatment
- petroleum ethere0
- Outcome
- total steroidse0
- Value
- 4.55%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The active components detected were: alkaloids (12.69%), flavonoids (3.25%), total phenolic compounds (24.58%), total terpenoids (8.55%), and total steroids (1.25% for methanolic and 4.55% for petroleum ether).”
t0“In vitro investigation of phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Harpagophytum procumbens seeds extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
The methanolic seed extract showed approximately 85.33% antioxidant activity versus ascorbic acid.
- Taxon
- Harpagophytum procumbensHarpagophytum procumbenst0
- Organ / stage
- seedst0
- Treatment
- methanolice0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitiese0
- Value
- 85.33%e0
- Qualifier
- 67.99% at a concentration of 200 µg/mle0
- Comparator
- ascorbic acide0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both methanolic and petroleum ether extracts exhibited antioxidant activities of approximately 85.33% and 74.19%, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid, which had an antioxidant effect of 67.99% at a concentration of 200 µg/ml.”
t0“In vitro investigation of phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Harpagophytum procumbens seeds extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
The petroleum ether seed extract showed approximately 74.19% antioxidant activity versus ascorbic acid.
- Taxon
- Harpagophytum procumbensHarpagophytum procumbenst0
- Organ / stage
- seedst0
- Treatment
- petroleum ethere0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitiese0
- Value
- 74.19%e0
- Qualifier
- 67.99% at a concentration of 200 µg/mle0
- Comparator
- ascorbic acide0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both methanolic and petroleum ether extracts exhibited antioxidant activities of approximately 85.33% and 74.19%, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid, which had an antioxidant effect of 67.99% at a concentration of 200 µg/ml.”
t0“In vitro investigation of phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Harpagophytum procumbens seeds extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed extracts had broad activity against the tested bacteria and fungi.
- Taxon
- Harpagophytum procumbensHarpagophytum procumbenst0
- Organ / stage
- seedst0
- Outcome
- broad spectrum of activity against all tested bacteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extracts demonstrated a broad spectrum of activity against all tested bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes) and fungi (Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis).”
t0“In vitro investigation of phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Harpagophytum procumbens seeds extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1000 µg/ml, seed extracts showed the highest bactericidal activity, with 10 to 22 mm inhibition zones.
- Taxon
- Harpagophytum procumbensHarpagophytum procumbenst0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Treatment
- 1000 µg/mle0
- Outcome
- inhibition zonese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 10 to 22 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At a concentration of 1000 µg/ml, the seed extracts showed the highest bactericidal activity, with inhibition zones ranging from 10 to 22 mm.”
t0“In vitro investigation of phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Harpagophytum procumbens seeds extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Both extracts had greater antibiofilm activity at 1000 µg/ml than at lower concentrations.
- Taxon
- Harpagophytum procumbensHarpagophytum procumbenst0
- Organ / stage
- seedst0
- Treatment
- 1000 µg/mle0
- Outcome
- anti-biofilm activitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- lower concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, both extracts exhibited greater anti-biofilm activity at 1000 µg/ml compared to lower concentrations.”
t0“In vitro investigation of phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Harpagophytum procumbens seeds extracts”