Abstract
Nitrogen fertilization in broccoli is very important for plant growth and productivity. However, it is known that the nitrogen source of the nitrogen fertilizer is also effective on quality parameters. In this study we investigated the effects of different nitrogen sources (ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate) on bioactive compounds and leaf nutrients of broccoli cultivars (Monet, Italian and Karadede). The highest total phenolic content was 0.24 mg g− 1 fw in cultivar Monet. Nitrate-based fertilizer treatments provided higher total phenolic (0.28 mg g− 1 fw) and flavonoid (0.56 mg g1 fw) contents and FRAP (0.24 mmol g− 1 fw) values compared to ammonium-based fertilizer treatments. On the other hand, DPPH (0.77 mmol g− 1 fw) values were higher in the ammonium nitrogen treatments. Among the cultivars, Monet had the highest total phenolics, flavonoids and FRAP values. When leaf nutrient concentrations were analyzed, ammonium sulfate application resulted in higher sulfur (0.86%), zinc (20.72 mg kg− 1) and manganese (28.80 mg kg− 1) concentrations compared to calcium nitrate. Calcium nitrate treatment provided the highest calcium (2.09%) and iron (37.50 mg kg− 1) concentration in Monet cultivar. Phosphorus (0.31–0.35%) and magnesium (0.073–0.084%) concentrations differed among cultivars. In conclusion, the choice of nitrogen source and cultivar in broccoli cultivation plays an important role in the bioactive compound profile and nutrient composition of the broccoli crop. The results provide useful information for the improvement of broccoli quality.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Total phenolic content was highest, at 0.24 mg g-1 fw, in broccoli cultivar Monet.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicat0 - Material
- Monete1
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.24e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli”
e0“The highest total phenolic content was 0.24”
e1“in cultivar Monet”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate-based fertilizer gave higher total phenolic values (0.28) than ammonium-based fertilizer in broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Nitrate-based fertilizer treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total phenolice0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.28e0
- Comparator
- ammonium-based fertilizer treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli”
e0“Nitrate-based fertilizer treatments provided higher total phenolic (0.28”
e1“compared to ammonium-based fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate-based fertilizer gave higher flavonoid values (0.56) than ammonium-based fertilizer in broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Nitrate-based fertilizer treatmentse1
- Outcome
- flavonoide0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 0.56e0
- Comparator
- ammonium-based fertilizer treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli”
e0“flavonoid (0.56”
e1“Nitrate-based fertilizer treatments provided higher”
e2“compared to ammonium-based fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate-based fertilizer gave higher FRAP values (0.24) than ammonium-based fertilizer in broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Nitrate-based fertilizer treatmentse1
- Outcome
- FRAPe0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 0.24e0
- Comparator
- ammonium-based fertilizer treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli”
e0“FRAP (0.24”
e1“Nitrate-based fertilizer treatments provided higher”
e2“compared to ammonium-based fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
DPPH values (0.77) were higher under ammonium nitrogen treatments in broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrogen treatmentse1
- Outcome
- DPPHe0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 0.77e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli”
e0“DPPH (0.77”
e1“values were higher in the ammonium nitrogen treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Among broccoli cultivars, Monet had the highest total phenolics, flavonoids and FRAP values.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Material
- Monete0
- Outcome
- total phenolics, flavonoids and FRAP valuese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli”
e0“Monet had the highest total phenolics, flavonoids and FRAP values”
e1“Among the cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate application gave higher leaf sulfur concentration (0.86%) than calcium nitrate in broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- ammonium sulfate applicatione0
- Outcome
- sulfure0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.86%e0
- Comparator
- calcium nitratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli”
e0“ammonium sulfate application resulted in higher sulfur (0.86%)”
e1“compared to calcium nitrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate application gave higher leaf zinc concentration (20.72) than calcium nitrate in broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- ammonium sulfate applicatione1
- Outcome
- zince0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 20.72e0
- Comparator
- calcium nitratee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli”
e0“zinc (20.72”
e1“ammonium sulfate application resulted in higher”
e2“compared to calcium nitrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate application gave higher leaf manganese concentration (28.80) than calcium nitrate in broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- ammonium sulfate applicatione1
- Outcome
- manganesee0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 28.80e0
- Comparator
- calcium nitratee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli”
e0“manganese (28.80”
e1“ammonium sulfate application resulted in higher”
e2“compared to calcium nitrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate treatment gave the highest leaf calcium concentration (2.09%) in cultivar Monet.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Material
- Monete1
- Treatment
- Calcium nitrate treatmente0
- Outcome
- calciume0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.09%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli”
e0“Calcium nitrate treatment provided the highest calcium (2.09%)”
e1“in Monet cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate treatment gave the highest leaf iron concentration (37.50 mg kg-1) in cultivar Monet.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Material
- Monete2
- Treatment
- Calcium nitrate treatmente1
- Outcome
- irone0
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 37.50e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli”
e0“iron (37.50”
e1“Calcium nitrate treatment provided the highest”
e2“in Monet cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf phosphorus concentration (0.31-0.35%) differed among broccoli cultivars.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- Phosphoruse0
- Value
- 0.31–0.35%e0
- Qualifier
- differed among cultivarse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli”
e0“Phosphorus (0.31–0.35%)”
e1“concentrations differed among cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf magnesium concentration (0.073-0.084%) differed among broccoli cultivars.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- magnesiume0
- Value
- 0.073–0.084%e0
- Qualifier
- differed among cultivarse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli”
e0“magnesium (0.073–0.084%)”
e1“concentrations differed among cultivars”
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