Abstract
Alternaria leaf spot, caused by Alternaria alternata, is a significant fungal disease affecting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.), leading to considerable yield losses. This study investigates the efficacy of selected fungicides, botanicals, and Trichoderma viride in managing this disease, while assessing their effects on plant growth and the economic viability of the treatments. A field experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with eight treatments, including fungicides like mancozeb and carbendazim, botanicals such as neem oil, garlic, ginger extracts, and the biocontrol agent Trichoderma viride. The results showed that the combination of mancozeb (12%) and carbendazim (63%) was the most effective, resulting in the tallest plant height of 89.32 cm at 90 DAS, the lowest disease intensity of 8.10% at 45 DAS, and the highest yield of 14.81 t/ha. This treatment also resulted in the highest cost-benefit ratio of 1:2.94. Among the botanicals, neem oil and garlic extract showed moderate effectiveness in disease management. Trichoderma viride also contributed to significant disease suppression and plant growth enhancement. The cost-benefit analysis indicated that chemical fungicides provided the highest economic return, although botanicals and biocontrol agents offer sustainable alternatives. This study demonstrates that integrating chemical, biological, and botanical treatments can effectively manage Alternaria leaf spot in okra, with Trichoderma viride offering a promising eco-friendly option.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Mancozeb plus carbendazim gave the lowest Alternaria leaf spot disease intensity in okra (8.10% at 45 DAS).
- Taxon
- okra
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Abelmoschus esculentuse3 - Treatment
- mancozeb (12%) and carbendazim (63%)e1
- Interactor
- Alternaria alternata
.jpg?width=60)
Alternaria alternatae4pathogen - Outcome
- disease intensitye1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 8.10%e1
- Setting
- field experimente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“the combination of mancozeb (12%) and carbendazim (63%) was the most effective, resulting in the tallest plant height of 89.32 cm at 90 DAS, the lowest disease intensity of 8.10% at 45 DAS, and the highest yield of 14.81 t/ha”
e2“A field experiment was conducted”
e3“affecting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e4“caused by Alternaria alternata”
Claim · model-written summary
Mancozeb plus carbendazim gave the tallest okra plants (89.32 cm at 90 DAS).
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse3
- Treatment
- mancozeb (12%) and carbendazim (63%)e1
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- talleste1
- Value
- 89.32 cme1
- Qualifier
- at 90 DASe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the combination of mancozeb (12%) and carbendazim (63%) was the most effective, resulting in the tallest plant height of 89.32 cm at 90 DAS, the lowest disease intensity of 8.10% at 45 DAS, and the highest yield of 14.81 t/ha”
e3“affecting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mancozeb plus carbendazim gave the highest okra yield (14.81 t/ha).
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse3
- Treatment
- mancozeb (12%) and carbendazim (63%)e1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 14.81 t/hae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the combination of mancozeb (12%) and carbendazim (63%) was the most effective, resulting in the tallest plant height of 89.32 cm at 90 DAS, the lowest disease intensity of 8.10% at 45 DAS, and the highest yield of 14.81 t/ha”
e3“affecting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mancozeb plus carbendazim gave the highest cost-benefit ratio (1:2.94).
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse3
- Treatment
- mancozeb (12%) and carbendazim (63%)e1
- Outcome
- cost-benefit ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1:2.94e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the combination of mancozeb (12%) and carbendazim (63%) was the most effective”
e3“affecting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“the highest cost-benefit ratio of 1:2.94”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil and garlic extract showed moderate effectiveness in managing okra leaf spot.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse3
- Treatment
- neem oil and garlic extracte6
- Outcome
- effectiveness in disease managemente6
- Qualifier
- moderatee6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“affecting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e6“Among the botanicals, neem oil and garlic extract showed moderate effectiveness in disease management”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride gave significant suppression of Alternaria leaf spot in okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse3
- Treatment
- Trichoderma viridee5
- Interactor
- Alternaria alternataAlternaria alternatae4pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma viride
Trichoderma viridee5biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- disease suppressione5
- Qualifier
- significante5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“affecting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e4“caused by Alternaria alternata”
e5“Trichoderma viride also contributed to significant disease suppression and plant growth enhancement”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride enhanced okra plant growth.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse3
- Treatment
- Trichoderma viridee5
- Interactor
- Trichoderma virideTrichoderma viridee5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant growth enhancemente5
- Direction
- enhancemente5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“affecting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e5“Trichoderma viride also contributed to significant disease suppression and plant growth enhancement”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrating chemical, biological and botanical treatments can effectively manage Alternaria leaf spot in okra (authors conclusion).
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse3
- Treatment
- integrating chemical, biological, and botanical treatmentse0
- Outcome
- manage Alternaria leaf spote0
- Qualifier
- effectivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“affecting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“integrating chemical, biological, and botanical treatments can effectively manage Alternaria leaf spot in okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical fungicides gave the highest economic return in the okra trial.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse3
- Treatment
- chemical fungicidese7
- Outcome
- economic returne7
- Direction
- higheste7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“affecting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e7“The cost-benefit analysis indicated that chemical fungicides provided the highest economic return”
The same questions in other papers
mancozeb · Alternaria alternata · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
carbendazim · Alternaria alternata · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
mancozeb · growth · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
carbendazim · growth · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Azadirachta indica · control · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Trichoderma viride · growth · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →botanical · control · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.