Abstract
An experiment was performed to reveal how nitrogen and boron fertilizers affect the yield and quality of sugar beets. A split-plot design with random blocks was used, and the experiment was repeated three times in two areas of northwest Iran (Khoy and Naqadeh) from 2019-2020. Nitrogen fertilizer was used in the main plot at four levels: N₁ (300 kg ha-1 of urea with 50% consumption at planting and 50% at the 6-8 leaf stage), N₂ (300 kg ha-1 of urea with 50% consumption at planting and 50% at the 8-12 leaf stage), N₃ (1.5 times that of N1), N₄ (1.5 times that of N2), and boron fertilizer was used as a subagent at four levels: B₁ (no boron, used as a control), B₂ (boron used as boric acid at the rate of 20 kg ha -1), B₃ (foliar spray with Boroplus, a liquid fertilizer with 10% boron, used at the 6-8 leaf and 8-12 leaf stages), and B₄ (foliar spray with Boroplus at the 12-8 and 16-20 leaf stages). The results revealed that as more nitrogen and boron were applied, the leaf dry weight, root yield, sugar content, and pure sugar yield increased. However, the percentage of sugar in the roots decreased as more nitrogen was added. Therefore, the maximum root yield was reached in the N4 treatment, and the maximum percentage of sugar (21.4%) was reached in the B₄ treatment, which represented the minimum level of nitrogen. The maximum pure sugar yield (1228.8 g m-²) was reached in the N₁B₄ treatments. Therefore, nitrogen and boron should be applied following the N₁B₄ treatment for sugar beet planting.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Greater nitrogen and boron application increased leaf dry weight.
- Taxon
- Sugar Beets
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- more nitrogen and borone0
- Outcome
- leaf dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as more nitrogen and boron were applied, the leaf dry weight, root yield, sugar content, and pure sugar yield increased”
t0“Sugar Beets (Beta vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater nitrogen and boron application increased root yield.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- more nitrogen and borone0
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as more nitrogen and boron were applied, the leaf dry weight, root yield, sugar content, and pure sugar yield increased”
t0“Sugar Beets (Beta vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater nitrogen and boron application increased sugar content.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- more nitrogen and borone0
- Outcome
- sugar contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as more nitrogen and boron were applied, the leaf dry weight, root yield, sugar content, and pure sugar yield increased”
t0“Sugar Beets (Beta vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater nitrogen and boron application increased pure sugar yield.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- more nitrogen and borone0
- Outcome
- pure sugar yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as more nitrogen and boron were applied, the leaf dry weight, root yield, sugar content, and pure sugar yield increased”
t0“Sugar Beets (Beta vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen decreased root sugar percentage.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- more nitrogene0
- Outcome
- percentage of sugar in the rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the percentage of sugar in the roots decreased as more nitrogen was added”
t0“Sugar Beets (Beta vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
N4 produced the maximum root yield.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- N4 treatmente0
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum root yield was reached in the N4 treatment”
t0“Sugar Beets (Beta vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
B4 produced the maximum root sugar percentage of 21.4%.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- B₄ treatmente0
- Outcome
- percentage of sugare0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 21.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum percentage of sugar (21.4%) was reached in the B₄ treatment”
t0“Sugar Beets (Beta vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
N1B4 produced the maximum pure sugar yield of 1228.8 g m-².
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- N₁B₄ treatmentse0
- Outcome
- pure sugar yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1228.8 g m-²e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum pure sugar yield (1228.8 g m-²) was reached in the N₁B₄ treatments.”
t0“Sugar Beets (Beta vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend N1B4 fertilization for sugar beet planting.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Outcome
- nitrogen and boron should be applied following the N₁B₄ treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen and boron should be applied following the N₁B₄ treatment for sugar beet planting”
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