Abstract
Abstract The effects were examined of liquid and solid applications of sodium borates, used at the rate of 20 lb. borax equivalent/acre, to sugar beet at seeding, mid‐June and late August. The trials were conducted at twelve sites on light‐land farms in East Anglia, selected as far as possible as having a previous history of boron deficiency. Treatments were effective in controlling, but not always entirely eliminating, boron‐deficiency symptoms, and had no detrimental influence on germination, population or growth. Nevertheless yields of roots and sugar, and sugar content, were increased significantly only at severely deficient sites; juice purity was not improved nor was noxious nitrogen reduced even at such sites; and these trials lend no support to theories that boron addition has some specific value in increasing sugar content, even where soils have a normal supply of the element. Leaf weight was increased more consistently, even where boron had no effect on root yield and there were no noticeable deficiency symptoms. Climatic and soil influences were very marked, serious deficiency being more prevalent in drier years and on lighter soils, where temporary attacks in intermittent dry periods were also liable to occur. No consistent differences could be observed between liquid or solid applications whether to the seed bed or to the growing crop, but August treatment in neither case gave good results. Boron analyses were made on soils and leaves. Results suggest that soil analysis (either for total or available boron) is an unreliable means of diagnosing boron requirement, that roots neither reflect boron contents of soils or plants, nor the results of boron addition. The analysis of blades of older leaves in June when it is not too late to take the necessary corrective action, is the best procedure for sugar beet. The available boron content of soils and the total boron content of plants were highest in late summer, and even where boron had been added in August, residual effects were small and well below the safety margin for crops less tolerant than beet. In view of climatic hazards, the uncertainty of soil analysis as a means of diagnosis, the low residual effects of boron addition, and the damaging losses from serious deficiency, a routine application of borate to all sugar beet crops grown on lighter soils seems a wise precaution. These trials indicate that for this purpose a foliar spray applied in June, or after singling, is just as effective as a fertiliser applied to the seed bed.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium borate applications were effective in controlling, but not always eliminating, boron-deficiency symptoms in sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0 - Treatment
- liquid and solid applications of sodium boratese1
- Outcome
- deficiency symptomse2
- Direction
- effective in controllinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to sugar beet at seeding”
e1“liquid and solid applications of sodium borates, used at the rate of 20 lb. borax equivalent/acre”
e2“Treatments were effective in controlling, but not always entirely eliminating, boron‐deficiency symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron treatments had no detrimental influence on germination, population or growth of sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- liquid and solid applications of sodium boratese1
- Outcome
- germination, population or growthe2
- Direction
- no detrimental influencee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to sugar beet at seeding”
e1“liquid and solid applications of sodium borates, used at the rate of 20 lb. borax equivalent/acre”
e2“had no detrimental influence on germination, population or growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron treatments increased yields of roots and sugar, and sugar content, significantly only at severely deficient sites.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- liquid and solid applications of sodium boratese1
- Outcome
- yields of roots and sugar, and sugar contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Setting
- severely deficient sitese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to sugar beet at seeding”
e1“liquid and solid applications of sodium borates, used at the rate of 20 lb. borax equivalent/acre”
e2“yields of roots and sugar, and sugar content, were increased significantly only at severely deficient sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron treatments did not improve juice purity in sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- liquid and solid applications of sodium boratese1
- Outcome
- juice puritye2
- Direction
- was not improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to sugar beet at seeding”
e1“liquid and solid applications of sodium borates, used at the rate of 20 lb. borax equivalent/acre”
e2“juice purity was not improved”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron treatments did not reduce noxious nitrogen in sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- liquid and solid applications of sodium boratese1
- Outcome
- noxious nitrogene2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to sugar beet at seeding”
e1“liquid and solid applications of sodium borates, used at the rate of 20 lb. borax equivalent/acre”
e2“nor was noxious nitrogen reduced even at such sites”
Claim · model-written summary
The trials give no support to a specific value of boron addition for increasing sugar content where soils have a normal boron supply.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- boron additione1
- Outcome
- sugar contente1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to sugar beet at seeding”
e1“these trials lend no support to theories that boron addition has some specific value in increasing sugar content, even where soils have a normal supply of the element”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron treatment increased leaf weight more consistently than root yield in sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- liquid and solid applications of sodium boratese1
- Outcome
- Leaf weighte2
- Direction
- increased more consistentlye2
- Qualifier
- even where boron had no effect on root yielde2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to sugar beet at seeding”
e1“liquid and solid applications of sodium borates, used at the rate of 20 lb. borax equivalent/acre”
e2“Leaf weight was increased more consistently, even where boron had no effect on root yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Serious boron deficiency in sugar beet is more prevalent in drier years and on lighter soils.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Outcome
- serious deficiencye1
- Direction
- more prevalente1
- Setting
- drier years and on lighter soilse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to sugar beet at seeding”
e1“serious deficiency being more prevalent in drier years and on lighter soils”
Claim · model-written summary
No consistent differences in sugar beet were observed between liquid and solid boron applications.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- liquid or solid applicationse1
- Outcome
- consistent differencese1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to sugar beet at seeding”
e1“No consistent differences could be observed between liquid or solid applications”
Claim · model-written summary
August boron treatment gave no good results in sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- August treatmente1
- Outcome
- resultse1
- Direction
- gave good resultse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to sugar beet at seeding”
e1“August treatment in neither case gave good results”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil analysis of total or available boron is an unreliable means of diagnosing boron requirement in sugar beet, compared with analysis of older leaf blades.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Outcome
- diagnosing boron requiremente1
- Direction
- unreliablee1
- Comparator
- analysis of blades of older leavese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to sugar beet at seeding”
e1“soil analysis (either for total or available boron) is an unreliable means of diagnosing boron requirement”
e2“The analysis of blades of older leaves in June when it is not too late to take the necessary corrective action, is the best procedure for sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Analysis of blades of older leaves in June is recommended as the procedure for diagnosing boron requirement in sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Outcome
- analysis of blades of older leaves in Junee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to sugar beet at seeding”
e1“The analysis of blades of older leaves in June when it is not too late to take the necessary corrective action, is the best procedure for sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron contents of soils or plants are not reflected in sugar beet roots, nor are the results of boron addition.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- boron additione1
- Outcome
- boron contents of soils or plantse1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to sugar beet at seeding”
e1“roots neither reflect boron contents of soils or plants, nor the results of boron addition”
Claim · model-written summary
Available boron in soils and total boron in sugar beet plants are highest in late summer.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Outcome
- available boron content of soils and the total boron content of plantse1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- late summere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to sugar beet at seeding”
e1“The available boron content of soils and the total boron content of plants were highest in late summer”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual effects of August boron addition in sugar beet are small and well below the safety margin for less tolerant crops.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- boron had been added in Auguste1
- Outcome
- residual effectse1
- Direction
- smalle1
- Qualifier
- well below the safety margin for crops less tolerant than beete1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to sugar beet at seeding”
e1“even where boron had been added in August, residual effects were small and well below the safety margin for crops less tolerant than beet”
Claim · model-written summary
A routine application of borate to all sugar beet crops grown on lighter soils is a wise precaution.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Outcome
- routine application of borate to all sugar beet crops grown on lighter soilse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to sugar beet at seeding”
e1“a routine application of borate to all sugar beet crops grown on lighter soils seems a wise precaution”
Claim · model-written summary
A foliar spray applied in June or after singling is just as effective as a fertiliser applied to the seed bed in sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- a foliar spray applied in June, or after singlinge1
- Outcome
- effectivee1
- Direction
- just ase1
- Comparator
- a fertiliser applied to the seed bede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to sugar beet at seeding”
e1“a foliar spray applied in June, or after singling, is just as effective as a fertiliser applied to the seed bed”
The same questions in other papers
boron atom · quality: sugar starch · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.