Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore novel plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from Gangetic riparian zones and investigates their role in enhancing the resilience of Brassica juncea to pendimethalin toxicity using SiNPs (Silicon nanoparticles). The isolated PGPR was characterized by 16sRNA and its phylogenetic analysis revealed it as Bacillus pulumis. Isolate was examined for its plant growth promotion potential and stress alleviating capabilities. SiNP was utilized as a potential amendment to enhance these effects. Bacillus pulumis showed IAA production, ACC deaminase activity, phosphate solubilisation and siderophore production attributes. Fluorescence microscopy conducted in vivo confirmed the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as supported by elevated MDA concentration and reduced membrane permeability. Exposure of Brassica juncea seedlings to 5 μM pendimethalin led to a marked increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), with superoxide radicals (SOR) rising by 125.58 % and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by 159.32 % in roots, compared to the control. The combined application of PGPR and SiNP significantly mitigated this stress, reducing SOR and H₂O₂ levels to 27.91 % and 35.59 % respectively. This reduction is linked to enhanced antioxidant defence mechanisms, as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased by 22.76 % and 28.38 %, respectively, in root of seedlings co-treated with SiNP and PGPR. Pendimethalin alone reduced dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) activity in roots by 28.95 % and 42.11 %, respectively. However, individual supplementation of SiNP and PGPR mitigated this suppression, with drop in DHAR activity reduced to only 12.63 % and 11.58 %, and MDAR by 17.54 % and 22.81 %, respectively. Co-application of SiNP and PGPR further alleviated this inhibition, limiting DHAR reduction to 9.47 % and MDAR to 3.51 %. This suggests that pendimethalin toxicity causes oxidative stress through disruption of redox balance and over production of ROS and the combined action of SiNP and PGPR enhances the antioxidant system, which likely explains the synergistic effect in alleviating pendimethalin-induced toxicity. The co-application of PGPR and SiNP significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, increased photosynthetic pigment content, improved membrane stability, and reduced lipid peroxidation in both leaves and roots. This research underscores the potential of PGPR and SiNP in sustainable agriculture, particularly in mitigating herbicide-induced stress in crop plants. • Rhizospheric bacteria isolated from gangetic riparian zone showed PGP activity. • Bacillus pumilus demonstrated the best activity among PGPR. • Growth parameters of Brassica juncea declined due to exposure to Pendimethalin stress. • SiNP and PGPR reduced ROS accumulation and upregulated antioxidant gene expression. • SiNP and PGPR synergy exhibited higher stress mitigation potential.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
The rhizobacterial isolate was identified as Bacillus pulumis.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea
Brassica junceat0 - Interactor
- Bacillus pulumise0symbiont
- Outcome
- Bacillus pulumise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its phylogenetic analysis revealed it as Bacillus pulumis”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus pulumis showed IAA production, ACC deaminase activity and phosphate solubilisation.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Interactor
- Bacillus pulumise0symbiont
- Outcome
- IAA production, ACC deaminase activity, phosphate solubilisatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus pulumis showed IAA production, ACC deaminase activity, phosphate solubilisation and siderophore production attributes”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus pulumis showed siderophore production.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Interactor
- Bacillus pulumise0symbiont
- Outcome
- siderophore productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus pulumis showed IAA production, ACC deaminase activity, phosphate solubilisation and siderophore production attributes”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin raised root superoxide radicals by 125.58% against control.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- 5 μM pendimethaline0
- Outcome
- superoxide radicals (SOR)e0
- Direction
- risinge0
- Value
- 125.58 %e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of Brassica juncea seedlings to 5 μM pendimethalin led to a marked increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), with superoxide radicals (SOR) rising by 125.58 % and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by 159.32 % in roots, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin raised root hydrogen peroxide by 159.32% against control.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- 5 μM pendimethaline0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)e0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 159.32 %e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of Brassica juncea seedlings to 5 μM pendimethalin led to a marked increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), with superoxide radicals (SOR) rising by 125.58 % and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by 159.32 % in roots, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR plus SiNP reduced SOR to 27.91%.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceae1
- Treatment
- combined application of PGPR and SiNPe0
- Interactor
- PGPRe2symbiont
- Outcome
- SORe0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 27.91 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of PGPR and SiNP significantly mitigated this stress, reducing SOR and H₂O₂ levels to 27.91 % and 35.59 % respectively”
e1“Brassica juncea seedlings”
e2“plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR plus SiNP reduced H₂O₂ to 35.59%.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceae1
- Treatment
- combined application of PGPR and SiNPe0
- Interactor
- PGPRe2symbiont
- Outcome
- H₂O₂e0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 35.59 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of PGPR and SiNP significantly mitigated this stress, reducing SOR and H₂O₂ levels to 27.91 % and 35.59 % respectively”
e1“Brassica juncea seedlings”
e2“plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-treatment increased root SOD activity by 22.76%.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- co-treated with SiNP and PGPRe0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.76 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased by 22.76 % and 28.38 %, respectively, in root of seedlings co-treated with SiNP and PGPR”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-treatment increased root CAT activity by 28.38%.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- co-treated with SiNP and PGPRe0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 28.38 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased by 22.76 % and 28.38 %, respectively, in root of seedlings co-treated with SiNP and PGPR”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin reduced root DHAR activity by 28.95%.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin alonee0
- Outcome
- dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 28.95 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin alone reduced dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) activity in roots by 28.95 % and 42.11 %, respectively”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin reduced root MDAR activity by 42.11%.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin alonee0
- Outcome
- monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 42.11 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin alone reduced dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) activity in roots by 28.95 % and 42.11 %, respectively”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
SiNP supplementation limited the DHAR activity drop to 12.63%.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- SiNPe0
- Outcome
- DHAR activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 12.63 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual supplementation of SiNP and PGPR mitigated this suppression, with drop in DHAR activity reduced to only 12.63 % and 11.58 %, and MDAR by 17.54 % and 22.81 %, respectively”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR supplementation limited the DHAR activity drop to 11.58%.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- PGPRe0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- DHAR activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 11.58 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual supplementation of SiNP and PGPR mitigated this suppression, with drop in DHAR activity reduced to only 12.63 % and 11.58 %, and MDAR by 17.54 % and 22.81 %, respectively”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
SiNP supplementation limited the MDAR activity drop to 17.54%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual supplementation of SiNP and PGPR mitigated this suppression, with drop in DHAR activity reduced to only 12.63 % and 11.58 %, and MDAR by 17.54 % and 22.81 %, respectively”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR supplementation limited the MDAR activity drop to 22.81%.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- PGPRe0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- MDARe0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
- Value
- 22.81 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual supplementation of SiNP and PGPR mitigated this suppression, with drop in DHAR activity reduced to only 12.63 % and 11.58 %, and MDAR by 17.54 % and 22.81 %, respectively”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-application limited the DHAR decline to 9.47%.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- Co-application of SiNP and PGPRe0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- DHAR reductione0
- Direction
- limitinge0
- Value
- 9.47 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-application of SiNP and PGPR further alleviated this inhibition, limiting DHAR reduction to 9.47 % and MDAR to 3.51 %”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-application limited the MDAR decline to 3.51%.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- Co-application of SiNP and PGPRe0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- MDARe0
- Direction
- limitinge0
- Value
- 3.51 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-application of SiNP and PGPR further alleviated this inhibition, limiting DHAR reduction to 9.47 % and MDAR to 3.51 %”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-application improved plant growth, pigment content and membrane stability.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- co-application of PGPR and SiNPe0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growth parameters, increased photosynthetic pigment content, improved membrane stabilitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The co-application of PGPR and SiNP significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, increased photosynthetic pigment content, improved membrane stability, and reduced lipid peroxidation in both leaves and roots”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-application reduced lipid peroxidation in leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- co-application of PGPR and SiNPe0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The co-application of PGPR and SiNP significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, increased photosynthetic pigment content, improved membrane stability, and reduced lipid peroxidation in both leaves and roots”
t0“Brassica juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
SiNP and PGPR upregulated antioxidant gene expression.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- SiNP and PGPRe0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- antioxidant gene expressione0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SiNP and PGPR reduced ROS accumulation and upregulated antioxidant gene expression”
t0“Brassica juncea”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.