Abstract
Due to ongoing human activities, heavy metals are heavily accumulated in the soil. This leads to an increase in the discharge and the quick spread of heavy metal pollution in human settlements and natural habitats, having a disastrous effect on agricultural products. The current experiment was planned to evaluate the effect of lead-tolerant-plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (LTPGPR) on growth, yield, antioxidant activities, physiology, and lead uptake in the root, shoot, and seed of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) in lead-amended soil. Three pre-isolated well-characterized lead-tolerant rhizobacterial strains—S10, S5, and S2—were used to inoculate seeds of Indian mustard grown at three different levels of lead (300 mg kg−1, 600 mg kg−1, 900 mg kg−1) contaminated soil. The experiment was designed following a completely randomized design (CRD) under factorial arrangements. Lead nitrate was used as a source of lead contamination. At harvesting, data regarding growth, physiology, yield per plant, antioxidant activities, malondialdehyde and proline content, and lead uptake in the root, shoot, and seed of Indian mustard were recorded. Results demonstrated that lead contamination at all levels significantly reduced the plant growth, yield, and physiological processes. Plants inoculated with lead-tolerant rhizobacteria showed a significant improvement in plant growth, yield, antioxidant activities, and physiological attributes and cause a valuable reduction in the malondialdehyde contents of Indian mustard in lead-contaminated soil. Moreover, plants inoculated with lead-tolerant rhizobacteria also showed an increment in lead uptake in the vegetative parts and a significant reduction of lead contents in the seed of Indian mustard.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Lead contamination significantly reduced mustard growth and yield.
- Taxon
- Indian mustard
Brassica junceat0 - Treatment
- lead contamination at all levelse0
- Outcome
- plant growth, yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lead contamination at all levels significantly reduced the plant growth, yield, and physiological processes”
t0“Indian Mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead contamination significantly reduced physiological processes.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- lead contamination at all levelse0
- Outcome
- physiological processese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lead contamination at all levels significantly reduced the plant growth, yield, and physiological processes”
t0“Indian Mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobacterial inoculation significantly improved mustard growth and yield in lead-contaminated soil.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with lead-tolerant rhizobacteriae0
- Interactor
- lead-tolerant rhizobacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growth, yielde0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants inoculated with lead-tolerant rhizobacteria showed a significant improvement in plant growth, yield, antioxidant activities, and physiological attributes”
t0“Indian Mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobacterial inoculation significantly improved antioxidant activities and physiology.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with lead-tolerant rhizobacteriae0
- Interactor
- lead-tolerant rhizobacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- antioxidant activities, and physiological attributese0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants inoculated with lead-tolerant rhizobacteria showed a significant improvement in plant growth, yield, antioxidant activities, and physiological attributes”
t0“Indian Mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobacterial inoculation reduced mustard malondialdehyde content.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Treatment
- inoculated with lead-tolerant rhizobacteriae0
- Interactor
- lead-tolerant rhizobacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde contentse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants inoculated with lead-tolerant rhizobacteria showed a significant improvement in plant growth, yield, antioxidant activities, and physiological attributes and cause a valuable reduction in the malondialdehyde contents of Indian mustard in lead-contaminated soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobacterial inoculation increased lead uptake in vegetative parts.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with lead-tolerant rhizobacteriae0
- Interactor
- lead-tolerant rhizobacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- lead uptake in the vegetative partse0
- Direction
- incremente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants inoculated with lead-tolerant rhizobacteria also showed an increment in lead uptake in the vegetative parts”
t0“Indian Mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobacterial inoculation significantly reduced lead content in seeds.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Treatment
- inoculated with lead-tolerant rhizobacteriae0
- Interactor
- lead-tolerant rhizobacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- lead contents in the seede0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants inoculated with lead-tolerant rhizobacteria also showed an increment in lead uptake in the vegetative parts and a significant reduction of lead contents in the seed of Indian mustard”
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