Paper · 2024 · Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca

Influence of water shortage and N:P ratio on growth and seed chemical components of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Imre I. NYARADI; Katalin MOLNAR; Bela BIRO-JANKA; et al.

10
claims
23
verbatim quotes
0
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Seeds of industrial hemp have high nutritional and healthcare value, which can be further improved by proper cultivation methods. Biochemical properties of hemp seeds that are beneficial for human use can be modulated through variation of the molar ratio between the inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus supplied with the nutrient medium, as well as by creating a moderate water deficit during controlled irrigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two N:P ratios (i.e. 8 mM nitrogen as nitrate to 2 mM phosphorus as phosphate, and 3 mM nitrogen to 6 mM phosphorus), combined with two water supply regimes (sufficient and insufficient) on vegetative growth parameters, seed production, seed oil, protein, vitamin E, iron, zinc and manganese content of two industrial hemp cultivars (‘Jubileu’ and ‘Zenit’). The experiments were performed in a greenhouse, under controlled conditions. Even if plants receiving a lower N:P ratio and lower water supply had a decreased growth index and the shoot fresh weight was smaller, no statistically significant difference could be registered in the seed production of the different experimental variants. The oil content of seeds could be increased by a lower N:P ratio and by water deficit, while seed protein content was higher upon a higher N:P ratio and upon water shortage, for both cultivars. The highest vitamin E content of hemp seed oil was found when plants were subjected to the combined influence of lowered N:P ratio and water insufficiency. The iron content of seeds showed no changes between the different experimental variants. In seeds of the ‘Jubileu’ variety the zinc content was increased by water shortage when the N:P ratio was lower, while the highest manganese content was measured when plants received sufficient water and lowered N:P ratio. As for the ‘Zenit’ variety, the highest zinc and manganese content of seeds was obtained when plants received through the nutrient solution 8 mM nitrate and 2 mM phosphate (i.e. the N:P ratio was 4:1). The findings may contribute to optimization of hemp cultivation, in a cost-effective and environmental-friendly approach, for the purpose of production of higher quality seeds for human and animal consumption, as well as for the cosmetic industry.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lower N:P ratio combined with lower water supply decreased the growth index of hemp.

Treatment
lower N:P ratio and lower water supplye2
Outcome
growth indexe2
Direction
decreasede2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Bastique assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 84–109 · show in text ↑
e2

“Even if plants receiving a lower N:P ratio and lower water supply had a decreased growth index and the shoot fresh weight was smaller, no statistically significant difference could be registered in the seed production of the different experimental variants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 907–1163 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lower N:P ratio combined with lower water supply made shoot fresh weight of hemp smaller.

Treatment
lower N:P ratio and lower water supplye2
Outcome
shoot fresh weighte2
Direction
smallere2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Bastique assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 84–109 · show in text ↑
e2

“Even if plants receiving a lower N:P ratio and lower water supply had a decreased growth index and the shoot fresh weight was smaller, no statistically significant difference could be registered in the seed production of the different experimental variants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 907–1163 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

N:P ratio and water supply variants did not change seed production of hemp.

Treatment
different experimental variantse3
Outcome
seed productione3
Direction
no_changeinferrede3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Bastique assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 84–109 · show in text ↑
e3

“no statistically significant difference could be registered in the seed production of the different experimental variants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1042–1163 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A lower N:P ratio and water deficit could increase seed oil content of hemp in a greenhouse.

Treatment
lower N:P ratio and by water deficite4
Outcome
oil content of seedse4
Direction
increasede4
Setting
greenhousee1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Bastique assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 84–109 · show in text ↑
e1

“The experiments were performed in a greenhouse, under controlled conditions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 830–905 · show in text ↑
e4

“The oil content of seeds could be increased by a lower N:P ratio and by water deficit”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1165–1250 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A higher N:P ratio and water shortage increased seed protein content of both hemp cultivars.

Material
‘Jubileu’ and ‘Zenit’e0
Treatment
higher N:P ratio and upon water shortagee5
Outcome
seed protein contente5
Direction
highere5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Bastique assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 84–109 · show in text ↑
e0

“content of two industrial hemp cultivars (‘Jubileu’ and ‘Zenit’)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 764–828 · show in text ↑
e5

“while seed protein content was higher upon a higher N:P ratio and upon water shortage, for both cultivars”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1252–1357 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The highest vitamin E content of hemp seed oil occurred under lowered N:P ratio combined with water insufficiency.

Treatment
combined influence of lowered N:P ratio and water insufficiencye6
Outcome
vitamin E content of hemp seed oile6
Direction
higheste6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Bastique assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 84–109 · show in text ↑
e6

“The highest vitamin E content of hemp seed oil was found when plants were subjected to the combined influence of lowered N:P ratio and water insufficiency”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1359–1513 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Iron content of hemp seeds did not change between the experimental variants.

Treatment
different experimental variantse7
Outcome
iron content of seedse7
Direction
no changese7

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Bastique assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 84–109 · show in text ↑
e7

“The iron content of seeds showed no changes between the different experimental variants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1515–1602 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In Jubileu seeds, water shortage increased zinc content when the N:P ratio was lower.

Material
‘Jubileu’e1
Treatment
water shortage when the N:P ratio was lowere1
Outcome
zinc contente1
Direction
increasede1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Bastique assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 84–109 · show in text ↑
e1

“In seeds of the ‘Jubileu’ variety the zinc content was increased by water shortage when the N:P ratio was lower”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1604–1715 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In Jubileu seeds, the highest manganese content occurred with sufficient water and a lowered N:P ratio.

Material
‘Jubileu’e1
Treatment
sufficient water and lowered N:P ratioe2
Outcome
manganese contente2
Direction
higheste2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Bastique assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 84–109 · show in text ↑
e1

“In seeds of the ‘Jubileu’ variety the zinc content was increased by water shortage when the N:P ratio was lower”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1604–1715 · show in text ↑
e2

“while the highest manganese content was measured when plants received sufficient water and lowered N:P ratio”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1717–1825 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In Zenit seeds, the highest zinc and manganese content occurred with 8 mM nitrate and 2 mM phosphate (N:P ratio 4:1).

Material
‘Zenit’e1
Treatment
8 mM nitrate and 2 mM phosphatee1
Outcome
zinc and manganese contente1
Direction
higheste1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa · TaxonNo machine-readable author provided. Bastique assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 84–109 · show in text ↑
e1

“As for the ‘Zenit’ variety, the highest zinc and manganese content of seeds was obtained when plants received through the nutrient solution 8 mM nitrate and 2 mM phosphate”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1827–1998 · show in text ↑

phosphorus · nutrient: content · Cannabis sativaPositive and negative results

2 papers: 1 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
See all 2 papers →

nitrogen · nutrient: content · Cannabis sativaPositive and negative results

3 papers: 2 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

irrigation · growth · Cannabis sativaPositive and negative results

3 papers: 2 positive, 1 negative or no effect

2 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.