Abstract
Cannabis sativa L., one of the earliest domesticated crops, was selectively bred into drug-type (high phytocannabinoid yield) and hemp-type (fibre, hurd, and seed production) varieties, leading to divergent physiological and agronomic traits, including nutrient requirements. To address the limited molecular understanding of the regulation of nutrient use in Cannabis, this study investigated the response of a dual-purpose hemp cultivar to varying phosphate availability. Physiological and transcriptomic profiling across source and sink organs revealed that biomass partitioning to flowers was sustained unless phosphate was completely withdrawn, indicating a strong prioritization of reproductive growth. Expression analyses of phosphate-responsive genes highlighted the importance of early senescence in older leaves for nutrient remobilization through the release of phosphate from organic pools and phosphate-saving glycolytic bypass reactions. This sustained phospholipid biosynthesis and other phosphate-dependent metabolic pathways in sink organs despite overall low plant P status. Furthermore, our data suggest that hemp, unlike most other crop species, did not suppress phosphate uptake or root-to-shoot translocation under surplus supply. The elevated phosphate led to a depletion of vacuolar nitrate pools, particularly in source leaves, with the lack of positive feedback on root nitrate acquisition ultimately restricting growth and flower yield. Collectively, our findings reveal both conserved and hemp-specific strategies for nutrient cross-talk, providing new insight into how hemp maintains reproductive growth and nutrient balance under fluctuating phosphate supply. The identified traits support productivity in low-input and sustainably managed protected cropping systems and serve as selection targets for optimizing nutrient efficiency and resilience across diverse crop species. • Hemp flowers are effectively shielded from phosphate deficiency. • Efficient phosphate remobilization and recycling safeguards reproductive sinks. • Optimal phosphate supply is 0.25 mM (8 ppm), excess depletes nitrogen reserves. • Unlike most crop plants, hemp prioritizes phosphate over nitrate acquisition. • Identification of marker genes for P and N status in sink and source organs.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass partitioning to flowers in hemp was sustained unless phosphate was completely withdrawn.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.
Cannabis sativat0 - Organ / stage
- flowerse1
- Outcome
- biomass partitioning to flowerse1
- Direction
- sustainede1
- Qualifier
- unless phosphate was completely withdrawne1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e1“biomass partitioning to flowers was sustained unless phosphate was completely withdrawn”
Claim · model-written summary
Early senescence in older leaves is assumed to support nutrient remobilization in hemp through release of phosphate from organic pools.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Organ / stage
- older leavese2
- Outcome
- nutrient remobilizatione2
- Qualifier
- release of phosphate from organic poolse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e2“Expression analyses of phosphate-responsive genes highlighted the importance of early senescence in older leaves for nutrient remobilization through the release of phosphate from organic pools”
Claim · model-written summary
Phospholipid biosynthesis in sink organs of hemp was sustained despite overall low plant P status.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Organ / stage
- sink organse3
- Outcome
- phospholipid biosynthesise3
- Direction
- sustainede3
- Qualifier
- despite overall low plant P statuse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e3“This sustained phospholipid biosynthesis and other phosphate-dependent metabolic pathways in sink organs despite overall low plant P status”
Claim · model-written summary
Under surplus phosphate supply hemp did not suppress phosphate uptake or root-to-shoot translocation, unlike most other crop species.
- Taxon
- hemp
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativae4 - Treatment
- surplus supplye4
- Outcome
- phosphate uptake or root-to-shoot translocatione4
- Direction
- did not suppresse4
- Comparator
- most other crop speciese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e4“hemp, unlike most other crop species, did not suppress phosphate uptake or root-to-shoot translocation under surplus supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated phosphate depleted vacuolar nitrate pools in hemp source leaves.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Organ / stage
- source leavese5
- Treatment
- elevated phosphatee5
- Outcome
- vacuolar nitrate poolse5
- Direction
- depletione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e5“The elevated phosphate led to a depletion of vacuolar nitrate pools, particularly in source leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Lack of positive feedback on root nitrate acquisition is assumed to restrict growth and flower yield in hemp.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Outcome
- growth and flower yielde6
- Qualifier
- lack of positive feedback on root nitrate acquisitione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e6“with the lack of positive feedback on root nitrate acquisition ultimately restricting growth and flower yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal phosphate supply for hemp is 0.25 mM (8 ppm).
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Outcome
- Optimal phosphate supplye7
- Value
- 0.25 mM (8 ppm)e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e7“Optimal phosphate supply is 0.25 mM (8 ppm), excess depletes nitrogen reserves”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess phosphate depletes nitrogen reserves in hemp.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- excesse7
- Outcome
- nitrogen reservese7
- Direction
- depletese7
- Comparator
- Optimal phosphate supplye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e7“Optimal phosphate supply is 0.25 mM (8 ppm), excess depletes nitrogen reserves”
The same questions in other papers
phosphorus · nutrient: content · Cannabis sativaPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.