Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the main heavy metals causing global environmental pollution, and it is also the heavy metal with the strongest toxic effect on growth and development of crops and other plants.In this study, we established six treatment groups, including normal culture group (CK), exogenous melatonin treatment group (MT), melatonin liposome nanoparticles treatment group (MT-SLNs), cadmium chloride stress group (Cd), compound treatment with cadmium chloride stress and exogenous melatonin group (Cd+MT), compound treatment with cadmium chloride stress and melatonin liposome nanoparticles group (Cd+MT-SLNs).We found that CdCl2 stress inhibited the growth of alfalfa seedlings and decreased cell viability, resulting in significant cadmium stress damages by measuring and analyzing plant phenotype, cell viability, stress damage, reactive oxygen species scavenging system, and Cd accumulation of alfalfa seedlings under six conditions.At the same time of cadmium stress, spraying MT or MT-SLNs significantly increased the cell viability of alfalfa seedling leaves, and significantly induced antioxidant synthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity.The levels of ROS (Reactive oxygen species) and free Cd accumulation in tissues decreased, indicating that exogenous MT or MT-SLNs can effectively alleviate the inhibitory effect of CdCl2 stress on alfalfa by activating the reactive oxygen species scavenging system and promoting Cd efflux, and spraying MT-SLNs has a more significant protective effects on alfalfa seedling cadmium stress.In addition, spraying MT or MT-SLNs under normal growth conditions is also beneficial for the growth and development of plant seedlings.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
CdCl2 inhibited alfalfa seedling growth.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- CdCl2 stresse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CdCl2 stress inhibited the growth of alfalfa seedlings and decreased cell viability”
Claim · model-written summary
CdCl2 decreased alfalfa cell viability.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- CdCl2 stresse0
- Outcome
- cell viabilitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CdCl2 stress inhibited the growth of alfalfa seedlings and decreased cell viability”
Claim · model-written summary
MT spraying under cadmium stress increased alfalfa leaf cell viability.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- seedling leavese0
- Treatment
- spraying MTe0
- Outcome
- cell viabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spraying MT or MT-SLNs significantly increased the cell viability of alfalfa seedling leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
MT-SLNs spraying under cadmium stress increased alfalfa leaf cell viability.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- seedling leavese0
- Treatment
- MT-SLNse0
- Outcome
- cell viabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spraying MT or MT-SLNs significantly increased the cell viability of alfalfa seedling leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
MT induced antioxidant synthesis and enzyme activity under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- spraying MTe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant synthesis and antioxidant enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spraying MT or MT-SLNs significantly increased the cell viability of alfalfa seedling leaves, and significantly induced antioxidant synthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity”
Claim · model-written summary
MT-SLNs induced antioxidant synthesis and enzyme activity under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- MT-SLNse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant synthesis and antioxidant enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MT-SLNs significantly increased the cell viability of alfalfa seedling leaves, and significantly induced antioxidant synthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity”
Claim · model-written summary
MT or MT-SLNs reduced ROS in alfalfa tissues under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous MT or MT-SLNse0
- Outcome
- levels of ROS (Reactive oxygen species)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The levels of ROS (Reactive oxygen species) and free Cd accumulation in tissues decreased, indicating that exogenous MT or MT-SLNs can effectively alleviate the inhibitory effect of CdCl2 stress on alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
MT or MT-SLNs reduced free Cd accumulation in alfalfa tissues.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous MT or MT-SLNse0
- Outcome
- free Cd accumulation in tissuese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The levels of ROS (Reactive oxygen species) and free Cd accumulation in tissues decreased, indicating that exogenous MT or MT-SLNs can effectively alleviate the inhibitory effect of CdCl2 stress on alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
MT-SLNs offered stronger protection from cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- spraying MT-SLNse0
- Outcome
- protective effectse0
- Direction
- more significante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spraying MT-SLNs has a more significant protective effects on alfalfa seedling cadmium stress”
Claim · model-written summary
MT under normal conditions benefited seedling growth and development.
- Taxon
- plant seedlingse0
- Treatment
- spraying MTe0
- Outcome
- growth and developmente0
- Direction
- beneficiale0
- Qualifier
- under normal growth conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“spraying MT or MT-SLNs under normal growth conditions is also beneficial for the growth and development of plant seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
MT-SLNs under normal conditions benefited seedling growth and development.
- Taxon
- plant seedlingse0
- Treatment
- MT-SLNse0
- Outcome
- growth and developmente0
- Direction
- beneficiale0
- Qualifier
- under normal growth conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“spraying MT or MT-SLNs under normal growth conditions is also beneficial for the growth and development of plant seedlings”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.