Abstract
Soil contamination with cadmium (Cd) and salinity poses a significant challenge, affecting crop health and productivity. This study explores the combined application of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to mitigate the toxic effects of Cd and salinity in wheat plants. Field experiments conducted in Cd-contaminated saline soils revealed that the application of SCB (0, 5, and 10 t ha−1) and ZnO NPs (0, 12.5, and 25 mg L−1) significantly improved key soil physicochemical properties, including soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). The combined application of SCB and ZnO NPs significantly mitigated the effects of Cd and salinity on soil and wheat plants. SCB (10 t ha−1) reduced soil pH by 6.2% and ESP by 30.8% compared to the control, while increasing microbial biomass by 151.1%. ZnO NPs (25 mg L−1) reduced Cd accumulation in wheat shoots by 43.3% and seeds by 46.3%, while SCB and ZnO NPs combined achieved a reduction of 74.1% and 62.9%, respectively. These amendments enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, with catalase (CAT) increasing by 35.3% and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) by 54.9%. Wheat grain yield increased by 42% with SCB alone and by 75.2% with combined SCB and ZnO NP treatment, underscoring their potential as eco-friendly soil amendments for saline, Cd-contaminated soils. These results underscore the potential of SCB and ZnO NPs as eco-friendly amendments for improving wheat productivity in contaminated soils, offering a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture in salt-affected areas.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
The amendments significantly improved soil physicochemical properties.
- Taxon
- wheat plants
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- SCB (0, 5, and 10 t ha−1) and ZnO NPs (0, 12.5, and 25 mg L−1)e0
- Outcome
- soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of SCB (0, 5, and 10 t ha−1) and ZnO NPs (0, 12.5, and 25 mg L−1) significantly improved key soil physicochemical properties, including soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP).”
e1“in wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments significantly mitigated cadmium and salinity effects on soil and wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SCB and ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- effects of Cd and salinity on soil and wheat plantse0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of SCB and ZnO NPs significantly mitigated the effects of Cd and salinity on soil and wheat plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bagasse at 10 t ha−1 reduced soil pH by 6.2% versus control.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- SCB (10 t ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 6.2%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SCB (10 t ha−1) reduced soil pH by 6.2% and ESP by 30.8% compared to the control, while increasing microbial biomass by 151.1%.”
e1“in wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bagasse at 10 t ha−1 reduced ESP by 30.8% versus control.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- SCB (10 t ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- ESPe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 30.8%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SCB (10 t ha−1) reduced soil pH by 6.2% and ESP by 30.8% compared to the control, while increasing microbial biomass by 151.1%.”
e1“in wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bagasse at 10 t ha−1 increased soil microbial biomass by 151.1%.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- SCB (10 t ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- microbial biomasse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 151.1%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SCB (10 t ha−1) reduced soil pH by 6.2% and ESP by 30.8% compared to the control, while increasing microbial biomass by 151.1%.”
e1“in wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles at 25 mg L−1 reduced cadmium in wheat shoots by 43.3%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs (25 mg L−1)e0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation in wheat shootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 43.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO NPs (25 mg L−1) reduced Cd accumulation in wheat shoots by 43.3% and seeds by 46.3%, while SCB and ZnO NPs combined achieved a reduction of 74.1% and 62.9%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles at 25 mg L−1 reduced cadmium in wheat seeds by 46.3%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs (25 mg L−1)e0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation in wheat shoots by 43.3% and seedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 46.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO NPs (25 mg L−1) reduced Cd accumulation in wheat shoots by 43.3% and seeds by 46.3%, while SCB and ZnO NPs combined achieved a reduction of 74.1% and 62.9%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments reduced cadmium accumulation in wheat shoots by 74.1%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SCB and ZnO NPs combinede0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation in wheat shootse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 74.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO NPs (25 mg L−1) reduced Cd accumulation in wheat shoots by 43.3% and seeds by 46.3%, while SCB and ZnO NPs combined achieved a reduction of 74.1% and 62.9%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments reduced cadmium accumulation in wheat seeds by 62.9%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SCB and ZnO NPs combinede0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation in wheat shoots by 43.3% and seedse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 62.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO NPs (25 mg L−1) reduced Cd accumulation in wheat shoots by 43.3% and seeds by 46.3%, while SCB and ZnO NPs combined achieved a reduction of 74.1% and 62.9%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Amendments increased catalase activity by 35.3%.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- These amendmentse0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 35.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These amendments enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, with catalase (CAT) increasing by 35.3% and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) by 54.9%.”
e1“in wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Amendments increased ascorbate peroxidase activity by 54.9%.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- These amendmentse0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 54.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These amendments enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, with catalase (CAT) increasing by 35.3% and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) by 54.9%.”
e1“in wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bagasse alone increased wheat grain yield by 42%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat grain yield increased by 42% with SCB alone and by 75.2% with combined SCB and ZnO NP treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bagasse and ZnO nanoparticle treatment increased wheat grain yield by 75.2%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- combined SCB and ZnO NP treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 75.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat grain yield increased by 42% with SCB alone and by 75.2% with combined SCB and ZnO NP treatment”
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