Abstract
Salinity limits the growth and nutrient uptake in crop species. Studies show that both potassium (K) and humic acid (HA) improved plant tolerance to salinity. However, the interactive effect of K and HA on plant tolerance to salinity stress remains unknown. This pot study examined the effect of application of K (0, 5 or 10 mM) and HA (0 or 2 g kg−1), alone or in combination, on the growth and physiology under salinity (100 mM NaCl) in two wheat genotypes (SARC 1, salt tolerant; and SARC 5, salt sensitive). The results revealed that salt stress reduced shoot biomass by 35% and 49% in SARC 1 and SARC 5, respectively. Salinity induced overproduction of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation in both genotypes, but the decline in pigments and stomatal conductance was more profound in SARC 5 than in SARC 1. Combined application of 10 mM K and HA was most effective in alleviating salt stress with improved plant biomass by 47% and 43% in SARC 1 and SARC 5, respectively. Combined application of 10 mM K and HA mitigated salt and induced oxidative stress with the activities of APX, CAT, POD and SOD increased by up to 2.8 folds in SARC 1, and by upto 2.5 folds in SARC 5, respectively. Root and shoot Na contents were increased, while K, Fe and Zn contents were decreased under saline conditions. HA combined with K decreased Na and increased K, Fe and Zn contents in both genotypes. Combined application of 10 mM K and HA was more promising for increasing wheat salt tolerance and nutrient uptake and genotype SARC 1 performed better than SARC 5 for cultivation on saline soils.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced shoot biomass by 35% in SARC 1.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- SARC 1e1
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 35%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contrasting Wheat Genotypes”
e1“salt stress reduced shoot biomass by 35% and 49% in SARC 1 and SARC 5, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced shoot biomass by 49% in SARC 5.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- SARC 5e1
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 49%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contrasting Wheat Genotypes”
e1“salt stress reduced shoot biomass by 35% and 49% in SARC 1 and SARC 5, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased overproduction of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation in both wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye2
- Outcome
- overproduction of H2O2 and lipid peroxidatione2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contrasting Wheat Genotypes”
e2“Salinity induced overproduction of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation in both genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Decline in pigments and stomatal conductance was more profound in SARC 5 than in SARC 1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- SARC 5e0
- Outcome
- decline in pigments and stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- more profounde0
- Comparator
- SARC 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contrasting Wheat Genotypes”
e0“the decline in pigments and stomatal conductance was more profound in SARC 5 than in SARC 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 10 mM K and HA improved plant biomass by 47% in SARC 1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- SARC 1e3
- Treatment
- Combined application of 10 mM K and HAe3
- Outcome
- plant biomasse3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 47%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contrasting Wheat Genotypes”
e3“Combined application of 10 mM K and HA was most effective in alleviating salt stress with improved plant biomass by 47% and 43% in SARC 1 and SARC 5, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 10 mM K and HA improved plant biomass by 43% in SARC 5.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- SARC 5e3
- Treatment
- Combined application of 10 mM K and HAe3
- Outcome
- plant biomasse3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 43%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contrasting Wheat Genotypes”
e3“Combined application of 10 mM K and HA was most effective in alleviating salt stress with improved plant biomass by 47% and 43% in SARC 1 and SARC 5, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 10 mM K and HA increased APX, CAT, POD and SOD activities by up to 2.8 folds in SARC 1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- SARC 1e4
- Treatment
- Combined application of 10 mM K and HAe4
- Outcome
- activities of APX, CAT, POD and SODe4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 2.8 foldse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contrasting Wheat Genotypes”
e4“Combined application of 10 mM K and HA mitigated salt and induced oxidative stress with the activities of APX, CAT, POD and SOD increased by up to 2.8 folds in SARC 1, and by upto 2.5 folds in SARC 5”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 10 mM K and HA increased APX, CAT, POD and SOD activities by up to 2.5 folds in SARC 5.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- SARC 5e4
- Treatment
- Combined application of 10 mM K and HAe4
- Outcome
- activities of APX, CAT, POD and SODe4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 2.5 foldse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contrasting Wheat Genotypes”
e4“Combined application of 10 mM K and HA mitigated salt and induced oxidative stress with the activities of APX, CAT, POD and SOD increased by up to 2.8 folds in SARC 1, and by upto 2.5 folds in SARC 5”
Claim · model-written summary
Root and shoot Na contents increased under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Root and shoote5
- Treatment
- saline conditionse5
- Outcome
- Na contentse5
- Direction
- increasede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contrasting Wheat Genotypes”
e5“Root and shoot Na contents were increased, while K, Fe and Zn contents were decreased under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
K, Fe and Zn contents decreased under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- saline conditionse5
- Outcome
- K, Fe and Zn contentse5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contrasting Wheat Genotypes”
e5“Root and shoot Na contents were increased, while K, Fe and Zn contents were decreased under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
HA combined with K decreased Na content in both genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- HA combined with Ke6
- Outcome
- Nae6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contrasting Wheat Genotypes”
e6“HA combined with K decreased Na and increased K, Fe and Zn contents in both genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
HA combined with K increased K, Fe and Zn contents in both genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- HA combined with Ke6
- Outcome
- K, Fe and Zn contentse6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contrasting Wheat Genotypes”
e6“HA combined with K decreased Na and increased K, Fe and Zn contents in both genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 10 mM K and HA is more promising for increasing wheat salt tolerance and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- Combined application of 10 mM K and HAe7
- Outcome
- salt tolerance and nutrient uptakee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contrasting Wheat Genotypes”
e7“Combined application of 10 mM K and HA was more promising for increasing wheat salt tolerance and nutrient uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype SARC 1 performed better than SARC 5 for cultivation on saline soils.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- SARC 1e0
- Outcome
- performede0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- SARC 5e0
- Setting
- saline soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contrasting Wheat Genotypes”
e0“genotype SARC 1 performed better than SARC 5 for cultivation on saline soils”
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