Abstract
BACKGROUND: Agricultural soils represent a potential sink for increasing amounts of different nanomaterials that nowadays inevitably enter the environment. Knowledge on the relation between their actual exposure concentrations and biological effects on crops and symbiotic organisms is therefore of high importance. In this part of a joint companion study, we describe the vertical translocation as well as plant uptake of three different titanium dioxide (nano-)particles (TiO2 NPs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) within a pot experiment with homogenously spiked natural agricultural soil and two plant species (red clover and wheat). RESULTS: TiO2 NPs exhibited limited mobility from soil to leachates and did not induce significant titanium uptake into both plant species, although average concentrations were doubled from 4 to 8 mg/kg Ti at the highest exposures. While the mobility of MWCNTs in soil was limited as well, microwave-induced heating suggested MWCNT-plant uptake independent of the exposure concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Quantification of actual exposure concentrations with a series of analytical methods confirmed nominal ones in soil mesocosms with red clover and wheat and pointed to low mobility and limited plant uptake of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
TiO2 nanoparticles had limited soil-to-leachate mobility.
- Taxon
- red clover and wheat
Triticum aestivum
Trifolium pratensee1 - Outcome
- mobility from soil to leachatese0
- Direction
- limitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TiO2 NPs exhibited limited mobility from soil to leachates”
e1“soil and two plant species (red clover and wheat)”
Claim · model-written summary
TiO2 nanoparticles did not significantly increase titanium uptake in either plant species, despite average concentrations doubling.
- Taxon
- red clover and wheatTriticum aestivumTrifolium pratensee1
- Treatment
- TiO2 NPse0
- Outcome
- titanium uptake into both plant speciese0
- Direction
- did not induce significante0
- Value
- 4 to 8 mg/kg Tie0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TiO2 NPs exhibited limited mobility from soil to leachates and did not induce significant titanium uptake into both plant species, although average concentrations were doubled from 4 to 8 mg/kg Ti at the highest exposures.”
e1“soil and two plant species (red clover and wheat)”
Claim · model-written summary
MWCNT soil mobility was limited.
- Taxon
- red clover and wheatTriticum aestivumTrifolium pratensee1
- Outcome
- mobility of MWCNTs in soile0
- Direction
- limitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mobility of MWCNTs in soil was limited as well”
e1“soil and two plant species (red clover and wheat)”
Claim · model-written summary
Microwave-induced heating suggested MWCNT uptake by plants independent of exposure concentration.
- Taxon
- red clover and wheatTriticum aestivumTrifolium pratensee1
- Outcome
- MWCNT-plant uptakee0
- Qualifier
- independent of the exposure concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“microwave-induced heating suggested MWCNT-plant uptake independent of the exposure concentration.”
e1“soil and two plant species (red clover and wheat)”
Claim · model-written summary
Measured soil exposure concentrations confirmed nominal concentrations.
- Taxon
- red clover and wheatTriticum aestivumTrifolium pratensee0
- Outcome
- actual exposure concentrationse0
- Comparator
- nominal onese0
- Setting
- soil mesocosmse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quantification of actual exposure concentrations with a series of analytical methods confirmed nominal ones in soil mesocosms with red clover and wheat”
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