Abstract
Invasive weed species exhibit both advantages, such as the potential for allelochemicals in bioherbicide development, and risks, including their threat to crop production. Therefore, this study aims to identify an allelochemical from Solidago altissima, an invasive weed species. The dose-dependent effects of S. altissima shoot and root extracts (SSE, SRE) on the signaling in the forage crop Trifolium repens and germination in various weed species (Echinochloa oryzicola, Cyperus microiria, Alopecurus aequalis, Portulaca oleracea, and Amaranthus retroflexus) were evaluated. The results showed that the T. repens seedlings treated with root extracts exhibited a significant decrease in plant height, dry weight, and chlorophyll content, along with an increase in H2O2 levels. Additionally, antioxidant activities, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase enzyme activities, were significantly elevated in T. repens treated with SRE. Moreover, SRE treatment significantly inhibited the seed germination of all tested weed species in a concentration-dependent manner. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of S. altissima root extract identified a high concentration of methyl kolavenate, a clerodane diterpene predicted to act as a phytotoxic agent. These findings highlight the potential of S. altissima for the development of crop-protective agents while emphasizing its potential risks in agriculture.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Solidago root extract decreased T. repens height and dry weight.
- Taxon
- T. repens
Trifolium repense0 - Treatment
- root extractse0
- Interactor
- Solidago altissima
Solidago altissimat0weed - Outcome
- plant height, dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. repens seedlings treated with root extracts exhibited a significant decrease in plant height, dry weight”
t0“Solidago altissima”
Claim · model-written summary
Solidago root extract decreased T. repens chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- T. repensTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- root extractse0
- Interactor
- Solidago altissimaSolidago altissimat0weed
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. repens seedlings treated with root extracts exhibited a significant decrease in plant height, dry weight, and chlorophyll content”
t0“Solidago altissima”
Claim · model-written summary
Solidago root extract increased T. repens H2O2 levels.
- Taxon
- T. repensTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- root extractse0
- Interactor
- Solidago altissimaSolidago altissimat0weed
- Outcome
- H2O2 levelse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. repens seedlings treated with root extracts exhibited a significant decrease in plant height, dry weight, and chlorophyll content, along with an increase in H2O2 levels”
t0“Solidago altissima”
Claim · model-written summary
SRE elevated antioxidant enzyme activities in T. repens.
- Taxon
- T. repensTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- SREe0
- Interactor
- Solidago altissimaSolidago altissimat0weed
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase enzyme activities, were significantly elevated in T. repens treated with SRE”
t0“Solidago altissima”
Claim · model-written summary
SRE inhibited germination of all tested weeds as concentration increased.
- Taxon
- Solidago altissimaSolidago altissimat0
- Treatment
- SRE treatmente0
- Interactor
- weed speciese0weed
- Outcome
- seed germination of all tested weed speciese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SRE treatment significantly inhibited the seed germination of all tested weed species in a concentration-dependent manner”
t0“Solidago altissima”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl kolavenate was identified at high concentration in S. altissima root extract.
- Taxon
- S. altissimaSolidago altissimae0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- high concentration of methyl kolavenatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. altissima root extract identified a high concentration of methyl kolavenate”