Abstract
ABSTRACT Aim High temperatures during forest fires can cause significant damage to tropical dry forest areas and alter their ecological stability, particularly by affecting seed viability and seedling emergence. This study evaluates the seedling emergence response of 18 dry forest species to fire‐simulated temperatures, aiming to assess their potential for restoration in fire‐prone Colombian ecosystems. Location The seeds used in this study were obtained from three tropical dry forests in Colombia. Methods A total of 9832 seeds from 18 dry forest species were collected directly from the soil seed bank in three tropical dry forests in Colombia. These seeds were then exposed to simulated forest fire temperatures (100°C, 150°C, and 200°C) for 10 min. Seed viability was analyzed using the 2,3,5‐triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reagent (tetrazolium test) and assessed using a generalized linear model. Seedling emergence and mean emergence time were evaluated using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with temperature treatments as factors. Results The study revealed that seedling emergence significantly decreased with higher heat shock temperatures. Notably, Hura crepitans and Parkinsonia aculeata tolerated temperatures up to 100°C, while Caesalpinia pulcherrima and Enterolobium cyclocarpum showed increased emergence at that temperature. Based on their emergence responses, species were classified as stimulated, tolerant, sensitive, or vulnerable. Seed viability declined with rising temperatures, and the mean emergence time increased in species like Cordia alba , Crescentia cujete , and Lonchocarpus violaceus . Conclusions This study shows that heat shocks at 150°C and 200°C significantly reduced seed bank viability for most Colombian dry forest species. However, Caesalpinia pulcherrima and Enterolobium cyclocarpum were stimulated by 100°C heat shocks, while Hura crepitans and Parkinsonia aculeata showed no adverse effects. Vulnerable species like Coccoloba acuminata and Pithecellobium dulce exhibited no viable seeds at higher temperatures, suggesting potential local extinctions. These results emphasize the need to focus on heat‐tolerant species for restoration efforts in fire‐prone ecosystems.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling emergence decreased significantly with higher heat shocks.
- Taxon
- dry forest speciese1
- Treatment
- higher heat shock temperaturese0
- Outcome
- seedling emergencee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“seedling emergence significantly decreased with higher heat shock temperatures”
e1“seedling emergence response of 18 dry forest species”
Claim · model-written summary
Hura crepitans tolerated heat to 100°C.
- Taxon
- Hura crepitans
.jpg?width=60)
Hura crepitanse0 - Outcome
- tolerated temperatures up to 100°Ce0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Hura crepitans and Parkinsonia aculeata tolerated temperatures up to 100°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Parkinsonia aculeata tolerated heat to 100°C.
- Taxon
- Parkinsonia aculeata
Parkinsonia aculeatae0 - Outcome
- tolerated temperatures up to 100°Ce0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hura crepitans and Parkinsonia aculeata tolerated temperatures up to 100°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Caesalpinia pulcherrima emergence increased at 100°C.
- Taxon
- Caesalpinia pulcherrima
Caesalpinia pulcherrimae0 - Treatment
- 100°Ce1
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Caesalpinia pulcherrima and Enterolobium cyclocarpum showed increased emergence at that temperature”
e1“tolerated temperatures up to 100°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Enterolobium cyclocarpum emergence increased at 100°C.
- Taxon
- Enterolobium cyclocarpum
Enterolobium cyclocarpume0 - Treatment
- 100°Ce1
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Caesalpinia pulcherrima and Enterolobium cyclocarpum showed increased emergence at that temperature”
e1“tolerated temperatures up to 100°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Species were classified as stimulated, tolerant, sensitive or vulnerable by emergence response.
Verbatim
e0“Based on their emergence responses, species were classified as stimulated, tolerant, sensitive, or vulnerable”
e1“seedling emergence response of 18 dry forest species”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed viability declined with rising temperatures.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Seed viability declined with rising temperatures”
e1“seedling emergence response of 18 dry forest species”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean emergence time increased in Cordia alba.
Verbatim
e0“mean emergence time increased in species like Cordia alba , Crescentia cujete , and Lonchocarpus violaceus”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean emergence time increased in Crescentia cujete.
- Taxon
- Crescentia cujete
.jpg?width=60)
Crescentia cujetee0 - Outcome
- mean emergence timee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“mean emergence time increased in species like Cordia alba , Crescentia cujete , and Lonchocarpus violaceus”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean emergence time increased in Lonchocarpus violaceus.
- Taxon
- Lonchocarpus violaceusLonchocarpus violaceuse0
- Outcome
- mean emergence timee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Verbatim
e0“mean emergence time increased in species like Cordia alba , Crescentia cujete , and Lonchocarpus violaceus”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat shocks at 150°C and 200°C significantly reduced seed bank viability for most species.
- Taxon
- Colombian dry forest speciese0
- Treatment
- heat shocks at 150°C and 200°Ce0
- Outcome
- seed bank viabilitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“heat shocks at 150°C and 200°C significantly reduced seed bank viability for most Colombian dry forest species”
Claim · model-written summary
Coccoloba acuminata had no viable seeds at higher temperatures.
- Taxon
- Coccoloba acuminataCoccoloba acuminatae0
- Treatment
- higher temperaturese0
- Outcome
- no viable seedse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Vulnerable species like Coccoloba acuminata and Pithecellobium dulce exhibited no viable seeds at higher temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Pithecellobium dulce had no viable seeds at higher temperatures.
- Taxon
- Pithecellobium dulce
Pithecellobium dulcee0 - Treatment
- higher temperaturese0
- Outcome
- no viable seedse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vulnerable species like Coccoloba acuminata and Pithecellobium dulce exhibited no viable seeds at higher temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend prioritizing heat-tolerant species for restoration.
Verbatim
e0“focus on heat‐tolerant species for restoration efforts in fire‐prone ecosystems”