Paper · 2025 · Indian Journal of Agricultural Research

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Rhizobium on Nodule Growth and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L.)

M.T.S. Budiastuti; D. Setyaningrum; Supriyono .; et al.

7
claims
13
verbatim quotes
0
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Background: Soybean production in Indonesia needs to be improved to fulfill 9.15% of its needs. This causes the level of soybean imports in Indonesia to be very high. Production imbalances and needs encourage the intensification of soybean cultivation. Intensification efforts are carried out with appropriate fertilization. Soybeans are a plant from the Leguminaceae family so that they can have a symbiotic relationship with many microorganisms, including rhizobium. This research examines the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and rhizobium on nodule growth and soybean yield. Methods: The method used was a two-factor factorial completely randomized design. The first factor is the dose of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg.ha-1). The second factor was Rhizobium (control, inoculant, and soybean used soil). Data analysis was carried out by analysis of variance, if there is a significant difference, it was continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% level. Result: Nitrogen fertilizer reduces the number of effective root nodules. Still, it tends to increase the variables of plant height, number of leaves, root shoot ratio, plant biomass, number of pods per plant, and seed weight per plant. The optimum dose of nitrogen fertilizer to support soybean growth and yield is 95 kg.ha-1. Application of rhizobium can increase soybean yield. Application of rhizobium inoculation can increase the number of effective root nodules and seed weight per planting. The combination of nitrogen fertilizer and rhizobium inoculation can support the intensification of soybean cultivation in Indonesia.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 7

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen fertilizer reduced effective root nodule number.

Taxon
SoybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
Nitrogen fertilizere0
Outcome
number of effective root nodulese0
Direction
reducese0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Nitrogen fertilizer reduces the number of effective root nodules.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 994–1059 · show in text ↑
t0

“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–99 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen fertilizer tended to increase height, leaf number and root shoot ratio.

Taxon
SoybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
nitrogen fertilizere1
Outcome
plant height, number of leaves, root shoot ratioe0
Direction
increasee0
Qualifier
tendse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Still, it tends to increase the variables of plant height, number of leaves, root shoot ratio, plant biomass, number of pods per plant, and seed weight per plant.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1060–1222 · show in text ↑
t0

“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–99 · show in text ↑
e1

“Nitrogen fertilizer reduces the number of effective root nodules.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 994–1059 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen fertilizer tended to increase biomass, pod number and seed weight.

Taxon
SoybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
nitrogen fertilizere1
Outcome
plant biomass, number of pods per plant, and seed weight per plante0
Direction
increasee0
Qualifier
tendse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Still, it tends to increase the variables of plant height, number of leaves, root shoot ratio, plant biomass, number of pods per plant, and seed weight per plant.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1060–1222 · show in text ↑
t0

“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–99 · show in text ↑
e1

“Nitrogen fertilizer reduces the number of effective root nodules.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 994–1059 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The reported optimum nitrogen fertilizer dose for soybean growth and yield was 95 kg.ha-1.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Outcome
optimum dose of nitrogen fertilizere0
Value
95 kg.ha-1e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The optimum dose of nitrogen fertilizer to support soybean growth and yield is 95 kg.ha-1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1223–1313 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rhizobium application increased soybean yield.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment
Application of rhizobiume0
Interactor
rhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Outcome
soybean yielde0
Direction
increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Application of rhizobium can increase soybean yield.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1314–1366 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rhizobium inoculation increased effective nodule number and seed weight.

Taxon
SoybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
Application of rhizobium inoculatione0
Interactor
rhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Outcome
number of effective root nodules and seed weight per plantinge0
Direction
increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Application of rhizobium inoculation can increase the number of effective root nodules and seed weight per planting.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1367–1483 · show in text ↑
t0

“Soybean (Glycine max L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–99 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Combined nitrogen fertilizer and rhizobium inoculation could support soybean intensification in Indonesia.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Outcome
intensification of soybean cultivatione0
Setting
Indonesiae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The combination of nitrogen fertilizer and rhizobium inoculation can support the intensification of soybean cultivation in Indonesia.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1484–1617 · show in text ↑

inoculation · Rhizobium · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

46 papers: 43 positive, 3 negative or no effect

42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. no effect

42 papers more in this group

See all 46 papers →

fertilization · symbiosis · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

192 papers: 142 positive, 50 negative or no effect

49 papers in the same direction as this paper · 142 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive

188 papers more in this group

See all 192 papers →

fertilization · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

418 papers: 359 positive, 59 negative or no effect

358 papers in the same direction as this paper · 56 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. negative

414 papers more in this group

See all 418 papers →

fertilization · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

1,192 papers: 1,021 positive, 171 negative or no effect

1,020 papers in the same direction as this paper · 155 in the opposite direction · 16 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. no effect

1,188 papers more in this group

See all 1,192 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.